Soil samples from the long-time experiment in dry highland of Loess Plateau were used for analysising the effect of fertilization and rotation on the contents and the oxidation stability of soil organic matter. The results showed that leguminous could increase the contents of soil readily oxidizable organic matter and total organic matter, at the same time, the oxidation stability of leguminous was lower than that of wheat, which was benefit to reserve and supply of soil nutrient. The oxidation stability of soil organic matter increased under long-time no fertilization or one chemical fertilizer application, on the country, the contents of soil readily oxidizable organic matter and the level of fertilizer increased under organic and fertilizer, decreasing the oxidation stability. The soil oxidation stability in profile increased with the depth of soil layers on continuous alfalfa cropping.