The nurture role of different fertilizer application strategies was discussed by the measurements of the C and N dynamic of soil microbial biomass in wheat field. The results showed that compared with no fertilizer, only applied organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, the compound organic and chemical N, P, K fertilizer application could greatly enhance the soil microbial biomasses in the whole wheat growth periods and increase the supplies of the soil nutrients, which benefited to the buildup of soil fertility.