The effects of applications of varying fertilizers were elucidated on genetic diversity of bacterial communities in red yellow soil.Soil samples were collected from Fuan experimental station in Fujian province，China with six different treatments：CK（control treatment）,NPK（inorganic fertilizer）,O（organic manure）,NPKO（half inorganic fertilizer + half organic manure）,NPKL（inorganic fertilizer + leguminous green manure）,NPKOL（half inorganic fertilizer + half organic manure + leguminous green manure）.Results showed that the significant bacterial variations both in species richness and diversity were seen under different treatments.Compared with other treatments，NPK treatment received lower bacterial diversity，indicating that NPK treatment decreased the stability of tea orchard soil ecosystem，NPKOL treatment，however，showed a dramatic shift in bacterial community with a greatest complexity of the banding pattern and highest soil bacterial diversity.Unweighted pair group method clustering（UPGMC）analysis of the TGGE banding patterns demonstrated that CK and NPK treatment had a similar banding pattern and clustered together firstly，whereas NPKL and NPKOL were clearly distinguished with other treatments，especially NPKOL treatment.Further，relative to other treatments，NPKOL were found to have higher tea yield and the accumulation of teas nutriment，confirming that NPKOL treatment facilitated maintaining soil productivity of tea orchard ecosystem and achieving agricultural sustainable development.