To study the effects of different ratio of NPK fertilizers on yield and quality of common buckwheat，14 treatments with different level and ratio of NPK were used to a high yielding material of common buckwheat which is named ‘Fengtian 1’.The botanical characters，yield，and the physical and chemical properties of this material for all the treatments were determined.The results showed that there was significant influence on the yield and qualities of ‘Fengtian 1’ under the different rations of N，P and K.Compared with CK，the optimum proportion of N，P，K could increase the yields of ‘Fengtian 1’ by 38.69%(N3)，24.97% (P1)，31.99%(K3)，the content of amylum by 21.28%(N3)，0%(P0)，15.25%(K3)，the content of protein by 6.25%(N2)，63.92%(P2)，26.33% (K2)，the content of flavonoid by 6.25%(N3)，0%(P2)，41.67%(K2)，and the content of total dietary fiber by 44.03%(N2)，27.13% (P2)，8.11%(K2)The water holding capacity and the expansion capacity of ‘Fengtian 1’ were the strongest for the treatment of N1P2K2 and N1P2K1，while were the lowest for N0P0K0 and N1P2K2The absorptive capacity for unsaturated fat and saturated fat were the strongest for the treatment of N0P2K2 and N1P2K1，while the absorptive capacity was the weakest treated with N2P1K1 and N0P0K0.It was conclude that N2K1P1 was the best among 14 fertilizer treatments.