This field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of four different organic manures on soil moisture，oil flax yield and quality in 2011~2012.The four organic manures included farmyard manure(T2)，oil flax residue(T3)，“ONE”bio fertilizer(T4)，and“TWO”bio fertilizer(T5).Treatment with chemical fertilizer(T1)was used as the control.The results showed that T3 significantly increased the moisture storage capacity of the soil at the 0~100 cm level during the young fruit and ripping stages compared to T1 during 2011 and 2012. It could not only promote growth and development of oil flax at middle-late stage but also significantly increase dry matter acumination per day after the squaring period. Compared with fertilizer treatment, the amount of dry matter translocation and accumulation after anthesis of T3 increased significantly by 2.7%~2.9%, 1.1%~1.7%，and the contribution of dry matter assimilation amount after anthesis to grains was also the largest.Furthermore，all four treatments had certain effects on crop yield and water use efficiency.Particularly，the yield of T3 increased significantly by 9.6%~11.8%，while the yield of T2，T4，and T5 were reduced by 0.5%~2.2%，19.6%~20.5% and 18.0%~18.6%，respectively.T3 also noticeably increased water use efficiency by 11.4%~12.6% over T1，whereas the water use efficiency of T4 and T5 significantly decreased by 140%~17.1% and 10.5%~14.4%，respectively.These results suggested that the application of oil flax residue as fertilizer was effective in increasing soil moisture storage and crop yield.