The effects of balanced fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield and nutrient uptake of autumnwinter tomato cultivated in greenhouse organic substrates were studied from June 15th,2013 to January 3th,2014 in Gobi desert regions,Gansu province,China.The culture substrates were made of the composted maize straw,spent mushroom compost,the composted cattle manure,the composted chicken manure and coal cinder in volume of 6.0∶2.0∶ 2.5∶1.0∶5.0.Seven treatments were designed for the field experiment:high N (N-P2O5-K2O=420-100-400 g/m3 substrates),high K (N-P2O5-K2O=350-100-480),balanced fertilization (N-P2O5-K2O=350-100-400),Without N chemical fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=0-100-400),Without K chemical fertilizer(N-P2O5-K2O=350-100-0),without P chemical fertilizer(N-P2O5-K2O=350-0-400) and conventional fertilization (N-P2O5-K2O=572-174-648).The results showed that:(1) The major limited nutrients were nitrogen and potassium,and phosphorus had a certain effect in yield increase for autumnwinter tomato cultivated in the tested substrates.The yield increase of nitrogen,potassium and phosphorus application were 31.2%,17.0% and 4.1%,respectively.(2) Compared with the conventional fertilization,the yield and economic income with balanced fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium treatment significantly increased by 16.3% and 17.5%,respectively,and compared with high N treatment and high K treatments,the increases in yield were respectively 48% and 30%,in economic income were respectively 4.9% and 3.2%.(3)Balanced fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium maintained the nutrient uptake of autumnwinter tomato,accordingly,increased the recovery rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer which were 25.8%,17.6% and 35.7%,respectively.Whereas the recovery rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer under conventional fertilization were only 15.9%,6.5% and 19.7%,respectively.(4) With the tested culture substrate,proper N,P2O5 and K2O application rates of autumnwinter tomato in greenhouse were respectively 392,136 and 455 g/m3 substrates,and N,P2O5 and K2O recommendation rates for 1 000 kg production of autumnwinter were respectively 3.1,1.1 and 3.6 kg.