不同形态氮肥在坡耕地雨季土壤氮素流失动态特征
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国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD05B03-8);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003014);国际植物营养研究所、四川省公益性农业专项(2011NZ0094);四川省公益性农业专项(2013NZ0028);四川省创新能力提升工程专项(2013XXXK-013);四川省基因工程专项(2012QNJJ-019)。


Effects of nitrogen fertilizer forms on soil nitrogen loss dynamics of sloping land in rainy season
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    摘要:

    为有效控制紫色丘陵区坡耕地氮素流失,采用二因素四水平随机区组试验,利用模拟径流小区观测方法,研究氮肥形态对坡耕地雨季土壤氮素流失动态的影响,结果表明,整个雨季氮素流失量占玉米季氮肥施用量的3.29%,其中玉米生长季的氮素流失量占氮肥施用量的1.63%,玉米收获后径流氮素流失量占氮肥施用量的1.65%。氮素流失动态差异受氮肥形态和施肥距径流产生时间间隔的共同作用。在攻苞肥施用之前的5月22日,各氮肥形态处理相比差异不显著;在接近作物收获的7月30日和8月4日,铵态氮处理和酰胺态氮处理两次总的氮素损失量(3.65和4.35 kg/hm2)较其它处理高。玉米收获后的9月16日,硝态氮肥处理和缓控释肥处理的氮损失分别是2.95和3.17 kg/hm2,较铵态氮肥处理的氮损失低119.95%和103.96%,较酰胺态氮肥处理的氮素损失低85.04%和71.60%。可见,施用硝态氮肥和缓控释肥能够有效降低攻苞肥施用后的径流氮流失量,而铵态氮加地膜以及酰胺态氮肥处理增加攻苞肥施用后壤中流和总径流氮流失浓度和流失量。从有效控制农业面源污染的角度考虑,建议玉米生产上,在肥料种类选择时以缓控释肥和硝态氮肥为主。

    Abstract:

    To effectively reduce nitrogen lossin slope farmland in purple hilly area,a randomized block experiment with two factors and four levels was designed and simulated runoff plot method was taken in this experiment.The objective of this study was to identify the influence of nitrogen form on the dynamics of soil nitrogen loss of sloping farmland in rainy season.The results showed that the nitrogen loss in the rainy season account for 3.29% of the nitrogen fertilizer amount,and the nitrogen loss in maize growing season and after maize harvest account for 1.63% and 1.65% of the nitrogen fertilizer amount,respectively.The nitrogen loss was determined by both nitrogen fertilizer form and the interval between fertilizing and runoff.There was no significant difference about the nitrogen loss among different nitrogen fertilizer forms before May 22.The nitrogen loss between Jul 30 and Aug 4 in ammonium nitrogen and amide nitrogen fertilizer treatment was 3.65 kg/hm2 and 4.35kg/hm2,respectively,which were higher than the other two treatments.The nitrogen loss in Sep 16 in nitrate fertilizer and slow controlled release fertilizer treatments was 2.95 kg/hm2 and 3.17 kg/hm2,which were 119.95% and 103.96% higher than the values in ammonium nitrogen fertilizer treatment.The total nitrogen loss was decreased when nitrate and slow controlled release fertilizer was applied.The nitrogen loss was sharply increased in the latter seasons when ammonium nitrogen and amide nitrogen fertilizer was applied.Thus in order to decrease the nitrate loss,the nitrate and slow controlled release fertilizer was recommended for corn fertilization.

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罗付香,刘海涛,林超文*,涂仕华,庞良玉,张冀,张建华,朱永群.不同形态氮肥在坡耕地雨季土壤氮素流失动态特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(3):12-20.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-05-23
  • 最后修改日期:2014-09-13
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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-06-24
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