Effects of nitrogen (N) rate on the growth and dry matter，N accumulation of peanut in vertisols area were studied in a field experiment.The results showed that N fertilizer improved peanut growth and dry matter and N accumulation.The yield and profit of peanut got peak at 135 kg/ha N applied.The dry matter and N accumulation of peanut increased at first and then decreased with the increasing of N fertilizer，and then got peak at N 135 kg/ha.Compared with no N fertilizer treatment，the accumulation of dry matter and N and yield of the treatment of N 135 kg/ha were increased by 48.4%、25.7% and 42.9%，respectively.