Soil microbe communication quantity and soil nutrient spatial distribution characteristics in 5 experiment sites,i.e.Yushu prefecture,Tuotuo River town,Longbao town,Zhiduo county,and Duocai town,were analyzed in the ThreeRiverHeadwater Region of Qinghai province in 2012 to provide the scientific reference for studying the grassland soil ecological system variation and diversity in the alpine steppe in China.The results indicated that,in the soil microbe communication quantity,bacteria was the dominate microbe and was much higher than actinomyces,and fungi was the least one in the soil depth of 0~5,5~10 and 10~15 cm.The quantity of soil microbe decreased with the depth increasing and all three soil microbes was concentrated in the topsoil.Regression test revealed that soil microbe number significantly responsed to soil nutrient.Total potassium,effective nitrogen,total nitrogen and effective phosphorus were the main factors which influence the soil bacteria.The effective potassium and total nitrogen had remarkable effects on the quantity of actinomyces.However,the main factor which influenced soil fungi content was the soil pH value.