To provide the related data for the effect of phosphate fertilizer and abundance and deficiency indices of soil available phosphorus，77 field trials of phosphate fertilizer（P）application on rapeseed were conducted in rapeseed production regions of Anhui province during 2005 to 2009.The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of P application on rapeseed yield and profit，and determine the abundance and deficiency indices of soil available phosphorus based on the relationship between rapeseed relative yield and soil available phosphorus.The results showed that P application significantly increased rapeseed yield and profit compared with CK treatment.The average values of yield，increment and increase rate of the treatments with P application were 2 571 kg/hm2，672 kg/hm2 and 41.5% respectively.The average net profit was 2 012 yuan/hm2 with P application 89.6% of the ratio of value to cost（RVC）of all trails were higher than 20，with an average of 57.Compared to the P application treatment，the relative yields of 60%，75%，90% and 95% obtained from the CK treatment were selected to establish the abundance and deficiency indices of soil available phosphorus.The soil available phosphorus for extreme deficiency，deficiency，slight deficiency，optimum and abundance indices were ＜6.5，6.5~13.0，13.0~26.5，26.5~34.0 and＞34.0 mg/kg，respectively.The results can be used as guidance for phosphorus fertilization on winter rapeseed in paddy field.