有机肥替代部分无机肥对华北农田土壤理化特性、酶活性及作物产量的影响
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农业部公益性农业行业科研专项(201103004);农业部生物有机肥创制重点实验室开放课题。


Impact of organic manure supplement chemical fertilizer partially on soil nutrition,enzyme activity and crop yield in the north China plain
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    摘要:

    以华北平原农田土壤为研究对象,2012~2015年连续4年研究了有机肥替代部分无机肥对土壤中养分含量、土壤酶活性和作物产量的影响。结果表明:1)0.3M处理(70%无机肥+3 000 kg/hm2有机肥)和0.5 M处理(50%无机肥+6 000 kg/hm2有机肥)与NPK处理(单施无机肥)相比都提高了土壤中全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,且05 M高于03 M,说明有机肥替代无机肥的比例越高,土壤中全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量就越高。2)土壤中脲酶活性大小顺序NPK>0.3 M>0.5 M>CK,蔗糖酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性为0.5 M>0.3 M>NPK,说明有机肥可以显著提高蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性。3)小麦4年累计产量0.3 M处理比NPK处理提高595%,0.5 M处理比NPK处理降低0.94%,;玉米4年累计产量则是0.3 M比NPK处理降低1.27%,0.5 M处理比NPK处理降低2.00%。综上所述,本研究表明,有机肥替代30%无机肥处理能够保证粮食产量,有机肥替代50%无机肥处理更能提高土壤肥力。

    Abstract:

    In this article effects of different proportions of manure and chemical fertilizer on soil nutrition,enzyme activity and crop yield were studied in a fouryear experiment.The results indicated that the treatments 0.3M(70% chemical fertilizer +3 000 kg/hm2 manure) and 0.5M(50% chemical fertilizer +6 000 kg/hm2 manure) had a higher level of total N,available P and available K than NPK treatment(only chemical fertilizer),and in 0.5M treatment was higher than those of 0.3M treatment(P<005),which indicated that higher proportion of organic manure lead to higher soil nutrient.The order of soil urease activity was NPK>0.3 M>0.5 M>CK.For soil invertase activity and catalase activity the order was 0.5 M>0.3 M>NPK.The total wheat yield of 0.3M treatment was 5.95% higher than that of NPK treatment,but that of 0.5M treatment was 0.94% lower than that of NPK treatment(P<0.01).The total maize yield of 0.3 M treatment was 1.27% lower than that of NPK treatment,while that of 0.5 M treatment was 2.00% lower than that of NPK treatment(P<0.05).These results confirmed that manure supplement 30% chemical fertilizer had a high yield in a low chemical fertilizer level,manure supplement 50% chemical fertilizer effectively conserved soil fertility.

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邢鹏飞,高圣超,马鸣超,周晓琳,赵同凯,孙军德*,沈德龙*.有机肥替代部分无机肥对华北农田土壤理化特性、酶活性及作物产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,(3):98-104.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-02-29
  • 最后修改日期:2016-03-24
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-06-17
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