The effects of soil melioration practices on composition and combining form of soil humus,soil basic physicalchemical properties,rice yields and yields component were studied in lowyielding yellow clayey land in double cropping rice system of Jingmen,Hubei Province.The results showed as follow:The contents of soil water soluble substance,humic acid,humin and extracted humic substances were higher in soil melioration treatments than that in the single application of chemical fertilizer treatment,especially,in peat soil,mushroom residue and biologicalorganic manure treatments.The contents of loosely,firmly,tightly combined humus and total combined humus were higher in soil melioration treatments than that in the single application of chemical fertilizer treatment.In contrast to single application of chemical fertilizer treatment,biologicalorganic manure treatment significantly(p<0.05）increased the content of loosely combined humus and total combined humus.The early and late rice grain yields were increased owing to soil melioration by 6.6%,9.5%,respectively.Moreover,soil melioration practice increased the content of soil organic matter,total N,alkalihydrolysable N,available P,available K,and cation exchange capacity,nevertheless,soil bulk density were decreased.Effect of biologicalorganic manure on soil improvement was evident than other soil melioration treatments,and early and late rice grain yields were increased by 10.13%,17.50%,respectively.