Soil structure is the basic factor controlling soil fertility.Soil structure degradation resulting from loss of surface soil and extremly exposure of parent material due to soil and water erosion becomes an important threat to food security.The objectives of this study was to determine the effect of farmland restoration practices on morphology and pore strucgure of soil aggregates newly developed from the parent material of Mollisol of China using an 8year field experiment，which was important to understand soil formation and fertility fast recovery.Results indicated that all of the notilled soils（natural and anthropogenic vegetation restoration)，tilled soil without fertilization and tilled soil with mineral fertilization had composite hole shape microstructure，with similar shape(face or hole shape）of predominant pores，equal connectivity and amount of pores，whose soil fabric and microstructure were similar； while notilled soils were dramatically higher than the tilled soils in frequency and homogeneity of soil particle distribution and closeness of coarse and fine material contact，with a negative correlation.Among the tilled soils，microstructure of soils with organic matter input were spongy； soils with high and full amount of organic material input developed best microstructure； the microstructure of soils with low and limited amount of organic matter input took the second place； the microstructure of soils without organic amendment were the worst.The characteristics of soil fabric and microstructure of tilled soils were positively related with organic material input.