Nitrogen is essential nutrient element for the activity and growth of soil microorganisms and plants.Nitrogen mineralization is an important index for the soil supplying capability.Effects of supplying nitrification inhibitor and straw on mineralization of aquic brown soil carbon and nitrogen and soil microbial community structure characteristics were studied using the isotope dilution approach and phospholipid fatty acid method under wheat pot experiment.The results showed that compared with nitrogen fertilizer alone treatment(NF)(N 0.1 g·kg-1 soil),in nitrogen fertilizer with 1% nitrogen inhibitor(NFI)treatment soil ammonium contents was increased by 32%,and the nitrate was reduced 53%.Compared with NF,in the nitrogen fertilizer with straw(NS)treatment(5 g·kg-1),the soil gross nitrogen mineralization rate,microbial biomass carbon,βglucosidase activity were increased by 36%,51% and 36%,respectively,the total PLFA,bacteria,fungi,fungi/bacteria and gram negative bacteria increased significantly,soil respiration entropy decreased by 50%.In the nitrogen,straw and nitrification inhibitor treatment,soil ammonium contents was increased by 33%,the nitrate was reduced 47%.In conclusion,nitrogen fertilizer with straw improved soil microbial biomass and soil microbial community.Application of 1% nitrification inhibitor decreased the soil nitrification rates, improved soil nitrogen efficiency, and reduced the risk of N lose.