Concentration and availability of selenium in rice soils in Xinjiang province were investigate and the governing factors were analyzed,44 surface soil samples were collected in different regions in Xinjiang.The results showed that the total selenium content ranged from 0338 mg·kg-1 to 2262 mg·kg-1,with 13% full selenium soil,82% seleniumrich soil,and 5% high selenium soil.But only 20% of the rice grain selenium content was higher than the national cereal food seleniumrich standards.There was no correlation between total selenium content in soil and rice grain selenium content.But soil availability selenium was significantly related with the rice grain selenium content,soil availability selenium soil pH and soil available phosphorus.It was concluded that the soil available selenium content was a good indicator of soil potential selenium for rice production.Extra selenium fertilize could improve the selenium content in rice grain.