新型氮肥及施氮量对玉米产量和氮素吸收利用的影响
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国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301103, 2016YFD0200109);河南省科技攻关“典型潮土活性有机质增产技术研究与应用”(162102110010)。


Effects of newtype and application rate of Nfertilizer on yield,nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize
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    摘要:

    以玉米品种先玉335为供试材料,采用田间小区试验研究新型氮肥(控失尿素和腐植酸尿素)及不同施氮量对玉米产量和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,3种氮肥均显著提高玉米产量且玉米产量随着施氮量的增加而增加。其中以控失尿素增产效果最好,并在施氮量为250 kg/hm2时获得最高产量,与不施氮相比增产达93.7%(P<0.05),较普通尿素和腐植酸尿素分别高了33.5%(P<0.05)和7.4%;地上部吸氮量较普通尿素高了41.5 kg/hm2,氮肥利用率较普通尿素高出21.3%。其次是腐植酸尿素,施氮量为250 kg/hm2时获得最高产量,较普通尿素高了26.1%(P<0.05);地上部吸氮量比普通尿素提高31.9 kg/hm2,氮肥利用率提高15.3%。控失尿素和腐植酸尿素较普通尿素,在提高玉米产量及秸秆产量、玉米氮素吸收和氮肥利用率等方面有较为显著的效果。在施氮量为250和300 kg/hm2时,控失尿素处理的玉米产量要高于腐植酸尿素处理,控失尿素的增产效果要略优于腐植酸尿素。供试的3种氮肥中,以控失尿素的增产效果最好,在施肥量为250 kg/hm2时获得最高产量。3种氮肥对土壤全氮含量影响较小,随着施氮量的增加土壤全氮含量无显著差异;不同氮肥种类间土壤全氮含量均值表现为控失尿素最高,其次是腐植酸尿素,普通尿素最低。综上,新型氮肥与普通尿素相比不仅可以显著提高玉米产量,还能够降低氮肥损失、减少污染、提高氮肥利用率,实现农业可持续发展。

    Abstract:

    This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of application rate of newtypes of N fertilizer(releasecontrolled urea and humic acidurea)on yield,nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize using“Xianyu335” as experiment materials.The results showed that the yield increased significantly with application of newtype of N fertilizer and increased with N fertilizer increase.The effect of releasecontrolled urea was the best,and with 250 kg/hm2 releasecontrolled urea the yield was the highest, which increased by 93.7%(P<0.05),33.5%(P<0.05)and 7.4%,respectively,compared with N0,common urea and humic acidurea;The amount of N uptake by shoots was 41.5 kg/hm2 higher than that of common urea,and the nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize increased by 21.3%.And the second was humic acidurea,under the experimental conditions,the highest yield was obtained when the nitrogen application rate was 250 kg/hm2,increased by 26.1%(P<0.05)compared with common urea;The amount of nitrogen uptake by shoots and the nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize increased by 31.9 kg/hm2 and 15.3% compared with common urea respectively.Releasecontrolled urea and humic acidurea were more effective than common urea on increasing summer maize yield and biomass,nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize.When the amount of nitrogen was 250 and 300 kg/hm2,the yield with releasecontrolled urea was higher than with humic acidurea,the releasecontrolled urea effect was better than humic acidurea.In summary,the effect of releasecontrolled urea on yield was the best,and the highest yield was at 250 kg/hm2.The three types of N fertilizer had little influence on soil total nitrogen.The soil total nitrogen was not significantly different with the increase of nitrogen rate.The average amount of soil total nitrogen of three types of N fertilizer showed as releasecontrolled urea>humic acidurea>common urea.The popularization and application of newtype Nfertilizer in summer maize fields can not only lead to higher yield,but also reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer,increase nitrogen use efficiency,and realize agricultural sustainable development.

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岳克,马雪+,宋晓,郭斗斗,张珂珂,黄绍敏,岳艳军,姚健*,张水清*.新型氮肥及施氮量对玉米产量和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(4):75-81.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-08-17
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