The effects of bentonite substrate on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity of peanut continuous cropping in the semi-arid area of wind-sand land were studied.The application amount of bentonite of 0，1.2，2.4，3.6，4.8 kg/m2 was set up as treatments.The results showed that the application of bentonite significantly increased the content of carbon，nitrogen and phosphorus as well as the soil enzyme activity of peanut continuous cropping in wind-sand soil，and the most significant increase was under the condition of 3.6 kg/m2 treatment.Compared with non-bentonite，the production of peanut after bentonite was increased by 10.01%，11.83%，21.34%，9.05% for the treatments of adding 1.2，2.4，3.6，4.8 kg/m2 bentonite，respectively，and the yield of peanut was significantly increased under the 3.6 kg/m2 treatment.According to the correlation analysis，the peanut yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with the soil microbial content of carbon，nitrogen and phosphorus，and significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with soil invertase，phosphatase，urease，protease and lipase，but not significantly correlated with the soil catalase activity.The above results indicated that the addition of appropriate bentonite in the soil of peanut continuous cropping in the semi-arid area of the sandstorm land could effectively improve soil microbial content and enzyme activity，and significantly promoted crop yield and soil sustainable productivity.