基施沼渣替代化肥氮对葡萄生长发育及品质的影响
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作者单位:

(1.江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州 225007;2.江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心,江苏 扬州 225008)

作者简介:

王桂良(1983-),男,江苏兴化人,助理研究员,博士,从事农业有机废弃物处理与资源化利用研究。E-mail:wgl0520@126.com。

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基金项目:江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(16)1003];江苏省农业可再生资源循环利用项目(NYKCX[2016]012);扬州市农业面源污染项目。


Effect of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substitution by biogas residue as basal fertilizer on grape growth and quality
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Affiliation:

(1.Lixiahe District Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225007;2.Ecological Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center of Jiangsu,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225008)

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    摘要:

    研究基施沼渣替代不同比例化肥氮对葡萄生长发育和品质的影响,以期为大面积生产上葡萄园基肥施用沼渣技术的推广和应用提供一定的理论参考。以氮元素含量为定量指标,设计1个全施化肥处理和5个基施沼渣替代化肥氮处理。研究结果表明,随着基施沼渣替代化肥氮比例的增加,葡萄产量呈现先增加后下降的趋势,70%NZ(沼渣氮替代70%化肥氮)处理产量最高,为19 684.0 kg/hm2;粒重和穗重呈现同样的变化趋势。随着基施沼渣替代化肥氮比例的增加,萌芽至成熟天数、叶片SPAD值、新梢节间长、粗度、百叶鲜重及单叶面积等生长指标都呈现逐渐增加的趋势,其中以150%NZ处理最高,表现出成熟期延迟,贪青晚熟,从而影响产量。基施沼渣替代化肥氮可改善葡萄果粒品质。可溶性固形物、Vc和固酸比,以50%NZ和70%NZ处理较高;有机酸含量则以50%NZ处理最低。随着基施沼渣替代化肥氮比例的增加,葡萄果粒重金属Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和As含量都有所增加,以150%NZ处理含量最高,而重金属Cr含量则有所下降。各处理中葡萄果粒重金属含量均低于相应的污染物限量标准(GB 2762—2005)。因此,本研究认为,综合葡萄产量和品质指标,沼渣替代70%化肥氮可作为葡萄园定量化基施沼渣的参考。

    Abstract:

    The effect of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substitution by biogas residue as basal fertilizer on grape growth and quality was studied in order to provide a theoretical reference for the promotion and application of the technology of biogas residue as basal fertilizer for grape production. The content of nitrogen was taken as quantitative index,a chemical fertilizer treatment and five treatments of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substitution by biogas residue as basal fertilizer were designed. The results showed that the grape yield increased firstly and then decreased,with the increase of the ratios of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substitution by biogas residue as basal fertilizer,and the yield of 70%NZ treatment was the highest,as 19 684.0 kg/hm2;grain weight and ear weight showed the same trend. With the increase of the ratios of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substitution by biogas residue as basal fertilizer,some growth indicators such as days from germination to maturity,leaf SPAD values,the internode length and roughness of new tip,100 leaves fresh weight and single leaf area,showed gradually growing trend,and 150%NZ treatment was the highest,which showed delayed maturation period,greediness and late maturation,and then affected the yield. The quality of grape fruit granule was improved by using biogas residue as basal fertilizer. Soluble solids,Vc and solid acid ratios of 50%NZ and 70%NZ treatments were higher,the organic acid content of 50%NZ treatment was the lowest. The contents of Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb and As in grape fruit granule increased slightly,while the contents of Cr decreased slightly,with the increase of the ratios of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substitution by biogas residue as basal fertilizer. The contents of heavy metal in grape fruit granule of all treatments were lower than the maximum levels of contaminants in foods(GB 2762—2005). Therefore,in this study,the parameter of 70% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substitution by biogas residue as basal fertilizer can be used as a reference for quantitative application of biogas residue as basal fertilizer on grape production,combined with grape yield and quality indicators.

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王桂良,朱凌宇,张家宏,王守红,寇祥明,徐荣,韩光明,吴雷鸣,唐鹤军,毕建花.基施沼渣替代化肥氮对葡萄生长发育及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(3):143-148.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-16
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  • 录用日期:2018-09-13
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-06-26
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