茶园控释复合肥肥效与施用技术研究
作者:
作者单位:

(1.贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵州 贵阳 5500061;2.贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院,贵州 贵阳 550005)

作者简介:

刘声传(1981 -),男,贵州省天柱人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为茶树育种栽培。E-mail:gtscliu@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划子课题“西南地区(渝川贵)茶园化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究与示范”(2016YFD0200906);贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合平台人才(2017)5717];贵州省科研机构服务企业行动计划项目[黔科合服企(2014)4008];贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑(2018)2254];贵州省教育厅重点项目[黔教合 KY字(2014)277]。


Efficiency and application techniques of controlled-release compound fertilizer in tea garden
Author:
Affiliation:

(1.Tea Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang Guizhou550006;2.School ofBiological and EnvironmentalEngineering,GuiyangUniversity,Guiyang Guizhou550005)

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    摘要:

    以贵州黔南、黔东北 3个茶园(SN,GD,PT)为研究对象,设置①对照(CK):不施肥,②习惯施肥(FFP):基肥(茶树专用有机无机复混肥)+追肥(尿素)+撒施,③处理 1(T1),化肥减施量 42%:基肥(控释复合肥)+追肥(尿素)+沟施,④处理 2(T2),化肥减施量48%:基肥(控释复合肥 +油菜籽饼)+追肥(尿素)+沟施,⑤处理 3(T3),化肥减施量 48%:基肥(控释复合肥 +酒糟有机肥)+追肥(尿素)+沟施,比较分析各处理对茶叶产量、品质和氮素利用效率的影响,为茶园化肥减施增效提供依据。结果表明,T1、T2、T3的春茶发芽密度高于 FFP,显著高于 CK,T2的春茶发芽密度显著高于 FFP。总体来看,T1、T2的一芽二叶百芽重高于其他处理。T1、T2、T3、FFP的茶叶鲜叶年产量显著高于 CK;在 SN和 GD,T1、T2的茶叶鲜叶年产量显著高于 FFP;在 PT茶园,T2的茶叶鲜叶年产量显著高于 FFP。相对于 FFP,T1、T2、T3的茶叶品质无明显改善。T1和 T2的新梢年氮吸收量、氮利用率显著高于 FFP。茶园控释复合肥配施尿素(T1)的减施增效效果好于习惯施肥(FFP),控释复合肥与尿素、油菜籽饼配施(T2)效果更好。

    Abstract:

    To provide valuable resource for saving fertilizer and improving fertilizer efficiency in teagarden,three teaplantations(SN,GD,PT),located in southern and northeast Guizhouprovince,were selected to conduct field tests tostudy the effects of five fertilization practices on teayield,quality and nitrogen useefficiency(NUE).Five treatments weresetup,including ① Thecontrol(CK),nofertilizer;② Farmers’fertilizationpractice(FFP):basefertilizer(organic inorganic fertilizer for teaplant)+topdressing(urea)+broadcast;③ Treatment 1(T1):42% chemical fertilizerreduced compared withFFP,base fertilizer(controlled -release compoundfertilizer)+topdressing(urea)+furrow;④ Treatment2(T2):48% chemical fertilizer reduced compared withFFP,base fertilizer(controlled -release compound fertilizer+rapeseedmeal)+topdressing(urea)+furrow; ⑤ Treatment 3(T3):48% chemical fertilizer reduced compared with FFP,basefertilizer(controlled -release compound fertilizer+vinasse fertilizer)+ topdressing(urea)+ furrow.The results showed thatthe germination density of spring tea in T1,T2 and T3 was higher than that ofFFP,and was significantly higher than that of CK. The germination density of spring tea in T2 was significantly higher than that of FFP.Generally,the weight of one bud and two leaves of the spring tea in T1 and T2 was higher than other treatments.The annual yield of tea leaves inT1,T2, T3 and FFP was significantly higher than CK.In SN andGD,the annual yield of tea leaves in T1 and T2 was significantlyhigher than that ofFFP,while in PT the similar result existed only in T2.Compared withFFP,the tea quality ofT1,T2 and T3 was not significantly improved.The annual nitrogen uptake and NUE were significantly higher in T1 and T2 than in FFP.The results of this study indicate that controlled-release compound fertilizer blending withurea(T1)contributed more to saving fertilizerand improving fertilizer efficiency compared with FFP,while the effect of controlled -release compound fertilizer blending withurea and rapeseedmeal(T2)was more better.

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刘声传,林开勤,周弟鑫,鄢东海,魏杰,喻云春,徐霖,周玉锋.茶园控释复合肥肥效与施用技术研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019,(4):164-171.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-08-20
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2018-12-22
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-09-02
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