宁夏“富士”苹果大量元素动态分析和需肥规律
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(宁夏大学农学院,宁夏 银川 750021)

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闫鹏科(1993-),男,宁夏人,硕士,主要从事农业资源利用方面的研究。E-mail:yanpengke1993@163.com。

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Dynamic analysis of macroelement distribution and nutrient requirement of“Fuji”apple in Ningxia
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(School of Agronomy Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia750021)

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    摘要:

    针对宁夏苹果产业管理过程中果园营养不均衡,肥料利用率低,苹果产量和品质下降等问题,研究宁夏“富士”苹果大量元素分布动态和需肥规律。以 6年生“富士”苹果为研究对象,进行田间采样调查,分析各个器官的干物质累积规律及养分动态变化,探究各个时期的需肥规律。结果表明,(1)各器官的氮含量呈下降趋势,其含量大小顺序为:叶 >根 >果 >茎。(2)叶、茎和果实的磷含量呈下降趋势,根的磷含量先增加后降低,在转色期达到峰值。(3)叶、茎和根的钾含量先增加后降低,在转色期达到峰值,果实的钾含量先降低再升高,在膨大期达到低谷,各器官的含量大小顺序为:叶>果>根>茎。(4)整个生育期内,干物质量呈“S”型增加,从 60 708 kg·hm-2增加至 127 359 kg·hm -2,增加了 109.8%。(5)各生育期的干物质累积量不同,干物质累积量先增加后减少,膨大期干物质累积量最大,为 20 193 kg·hm -2,占整个生育期干物质累积量的 28.73%。N、P 2O5和 K2O的总需要量分别为961.9、371.3和 484.9 kg·hm -2,其配比为 2.59∶1.00∶1.31。各个时期对各种养分的需求量和比例不同,在膨大期之前对 N的需要量高,随着生育期的推移,对 P 2O5和K2O的需要量逐渐增加,在膨大期之后,随着果实的成熟,对 K 2O的需要量增加。

    Abstract:

    In view of the problems in ningxia apple industry management,such as the unbalanced nutrition in orchardssoil,low fertilizer utilization rate,the decline of apple yield and quality,the distribution of macroelement and nutrientrequirements of“Fuji”apples in Ningxia werestudied.The 6 -year-old“Fuji”apple was used as the researchobject,the dynamic changes of nutrient contents in various organs and the accumulation law of dry matter quality were analyzed to explorethe dry matter accumulation and fertilizer requirements in eachperiod.The results showedthat,(1)The nitrogen content ofeach organ showed a downwardtrend,and the order of the contentwas:leaf>root>fruit>stem.(2)The phosphorus contentof leaves,stems and fruits showed a downwardtrend,and the phosphorus content of roots increased first and then decreased,reaching a peak during the color change period.(3)The potassium content of leaves,stems and roots increased first andthen decreased,peaked during the color changeperiod,and the potassium content of the fruit decreased first and thenincreased,reaching a trough during the expansionperiod.The order of the contents of each organ was:leaf>fruit >root >stem.(4)With the sampling period,the dry matter quality increased by“S”type,increasing from 60 708 kg·hm -2 to 127 359 kg·hm-2,which increased by109.8%.(5)The accumulation of dry matter in different growth stages wasdifferent.The accumulation of dry matter first increased and then decreased.The maximum dry matter accumulation was 20 193 kg·hm-2during fruit swelling period,accounting for the dry matter cumulative amount of the whole growth periodwas28.73%.The total requirements ofN,P 2O5 and K2O were961.9,371.3 and 484.9 kg·hm -2,respectively,and theratio was 2.59∶1.00∶1.31. The requirement and proportion of various nutrients are different in eachperiod.The requirementof N is high before the fruit swellingperiod.With the growth period goingon,the requirement of P 2O5 and K2O will graduallyincrease.After the fruit swellingperiod,the requirement of K 2O will increase.

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闫鹏科,侯婷,张丽,左达,孙权,王锐.宁夏“富士”苹果大量元素动态分析和需肥规律[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(1):113-118.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-04
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-04-21
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-03-30
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