增施有机肥改善黑土物理特性与促进玉米根系生长的效果
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(1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 /耕地培育技术国家工程实验室 /中国农业科学院土壤质量重点实验室,北京 100081;2.黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161005)

作者简介:

槐圣昌(1994-),男,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤培肥与改良。E-mail:huaishch@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:中国农业科学院创新工程协同创新行动“东北黑土地地力提升与可持续利用技术”项目(CAAS-XTCX2016008)。


Effect of applying organic manure on improving soil physical properties and promoting root growth
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(1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Arable Land/key Laboratory ofSoilQuality,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing100081;2.Keshan Branch of Helongjiang Academy ofAgriculturalSciences,Qiqihaer Heilongjiang161005)

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    摘要:

    为改善东北黑土区粘重耕层的土壤物理特性,通过玉米秸秆还田基础上增施有机肥试验,拟明确增施有机肥对黑土物理特性和根系生长的提升效果。利用 2015~ 2018年吉林省公主岭市和黑龙江省克山县黑土区的定位试验,测定了玉米抽雄期 3种秸秆还田处理及其增施有机肥(旋耕秸秆还田 +有机肥 RSM、深翻秸秆还田 +有机肥 DSM、深松秸秆还田 +有机肥 SSM)处理的土壤物理指标;并采用微根管法原位测定了根系生长指标,计算出增施有机肥后各土壤物理特性与根系生长指标的变化量。结果表明,相比秸秆还田处理,增施有机肥降低了土壤容重、土壤紧实度,提升了土壤含水量,同时根长密度、根尖数密度和根平均直径均显著增加,其中根长密度和根尖数密度各土层平均增加了 0.18 cm/cm 2和 34.9×10 -3个 /cm 2。不同秸秆还田方式增施有机肥后对黑土物理特性和根系生长的改善效果不同,其中 0~ 15 cm土层 RSM处理改善效果最明显,15~ 45 cm土层 SSM和 DSM处理改善效果最明显。有机肥和秸秆还田方式互作对黑土物理特性和促进根系生长指标具有显著的正向互作效应。上述结果表明,深松秸秆还田和深翻秸秆还田基础上增施有机肥模式更有利于改善黑土物理特性和促进根系生长,是改善东北黑土区粘重耕层的技术选择。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the soil physical properties in the black soil area of Northeast China,the experiment of adding organic fertilizer on the basis of returning corn straw to the field was carried out to clarify the improvement effect ofapplying organic manure on the soil physical properties and rootgrowth.Based on the in -situ experiments in GongzhulingCity of Jilin Province and Keshan County of Heilongjiang Province in 2015~2018,the soil physical indexes of three onlystraw returning treatments and their adding of organic manure treatments(rotary straw returning + manureRSM,deep strawreturning + manure DSM,deep loose straw returning + manure SSM)were measured on maize ’s tasseling stage in2018,and the minirhizotron method was used to measure root growthindex.The change value of each index wascalculated.The results showedthat,compared with the only strawreturning,adding of organic fertilizer reduced soil bulk densityand soilcompactness,significantly increased soil moisturecontent,and significantly increased root lengthdensity,roottip number density and root average diameter,in which root length density and root tip number density increased by 0.18 cm/cm2 and 34.9×10-3/cm2respectively.The organic manure effect of different straw returning methods on the soil physicalproperties and root growth isdifferent,in which RSM treatment in 0~15 cm soil layer is the mostsignificant,and SSMand DSM treatment in 15~ 45 cm soil layer is the mostsignificant.The interaction of organic fertilizer and straw returninghad a significant positive interaction effect on soil physical characteristics and root growth.The results showed that adding organic manure on the basis of subsoiling straw returning and deep plowing straw returning was more conducive to improvingthe physical characteristics of black soil and promoting the growth of rootsystem,which was the technical choice to improvethe clay heavy ploughing layer in the black soil area of NortheastChina.

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槐圣昌,刘玲玲,汝甲荣,闫志浩,王瑾瑜,王士超,邢婷婷,武红亮,卢昌艾,孙继英.增施有机肥改善黑土物理特性与促进玉米根系生长的效果[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(2):40-46.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-11-19
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  • 录用日期:2020-02-02
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-05-07
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