半干旱区增施有机肥对全膜覆土穴播春小麦土壤碳氮比及产量的影响
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(1.甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070;2.甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070)

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尹嘉德(1992-),男,甘肃酒泉人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事旱地资源高效利用研究。E-mail:yinjiade@qq.com。

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Effects of organic fertilizer application on soil C/N ratio and grain yield of spring wheat under whole field soil-plas-tic mulching and bunch seeding in semiarid area
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(1.Agronomy College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu730070;2.Institute of Dry -landAgriculture,Gansu Academy of AgriculturalSciences,Lanzhou Gansu730070)

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    摘要:

    探索黄土丘陵区增施有机肥对全膜覆土穴播小麦土壤碳氮含量及比值影响,为该地区小麦养分高效管理提供理论指导。于 2016~ 2017年在甘肃省陇中半干旱区设置定位试验,设全膜覆土平作穴播(PMS)、全膜覆土平作穴播 +有机肥(PMO)、裸地平作(CK)3个处理,研究各处理对春小麦生育期土壤碱解氮(SAN)含量、动态分布变化、碱解氮盈余,土壤有机碳(SOC)含量,土壤 C/N(SOC/SAN),旗叶氮素含量,化肥偏生产力及水分利用效率和产量的影响。结果表明,在 0~ 50 cm土层,PMO处理全生育期 SAN含量较 PMS和 CK平均分别提高 131.96%和64.39%;在 0~ 30 cm土层,全生育期 SOC含量较 PMS和 CK平均分别提高 50.04%和44.23%。在挑旗 -扬花阶段,PMO处理 0~ 30 cm土层 SAN含量下降幅度较 PMS和 CK平均增加了 67.80%和201.62%;收获后 PMO的 SAN累积量在 30~ 50 cm土层显著盈余。在挑旗期 -成熟期,PMO在 0~ 30 cm土层SOC/SAN较 PMS平均降低22.25%,在 0~ 10 cm土层 SOC/SAN较 CK处理平均降低60.22%。抽穗期 -灌浆期,PMO旗叶全氮含量较 PMS和 CK平均提高 4.44%和20.21%;化肥偏生产力平均提高 5.13%和58.96%;水分利用效率提高 26.49%和 59.18%;产量增加了 5.12%和 59.00%。全膜覆土穴播条件下增施有机肥能够提升旱地春小麦耕层土壤碱解氮和有机碳含量,降低土壤 C/N值,提高土壤氮素供应能力和延长肥效,显著提高产量和水分利用效率。

    Abstract:

    The effects of organic fertilizer application on soil carbon,soil nitrogen,and soil C/N of spring wheat under whole field soil-plastic mulching and bunch seeding were studied to provide theoretical guidance on fertilizermanagement efficiently in semiaridarea.The field experiment was conducted in the semiarid area of middle Gansuprovince from 2016 tO2017,the involved three treatments were whole field soil plastic mulching(PMS),wholefield soil plastic mulching and organic fertilization(PMO),non -mulched and bunch seeded(CK).The contents ofsoil available nitrogen(SAN)and soil organic carbon(SOC),SAN dynamic change and surplus,soil C/N(SOC/SAN),leaf nitrogen content,partial factor productivity,Water use efficiency(WUE)and the yield of spring wheatwere recorded and calculated.The results showed that the PMO averagely enhanced SAN content at 0~ 50 cm profileby 131.96% and64.39%,SOC content at 0~ 30 cm profile by 50.04% and 44.23% in the whole wheat growth stagesrespectively,as compared with PMS andCK.PMO significantly increased SAN content by 67.80% and 201.62% at 0~30 cm profile at the flag leaf stage to floweringstage,the observably surplus of the SAN accumulation at 30~ 50cm profile were recorded in the harvesting stage,as compared with PMS andCK.From the flagging to maturing stage, PMO averagely decreased SOC/SAN by 22.25% at 0~30 cmprofile,and 60.22% at 0~ 10 cm profile as comparedwith PMS andCK,respectively.PMO averagely increased total nitrogen content of flag leaf by 4.44% and 20.21%from heading stage to fillingperiod,increased the partial chemical fertilizer productivity by 5.13% and58.96%,theWUE by 26.49% and59.18%,the yield by 5.12 % and 59.00% respectively,as compared with PMS andCK.Consequently,the application of organic fertilizer could increase the SAN and SOC content of topsoil,decrease soil C/Nratio,enhance the supplying capacity of soil nitrogen and prolong the longevity offertilizer,which resulte in the significant increment of yield and WUE of spring wheat in semiarid area.

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尹嘉德,侯慧芝,张绪成,缪平贵,于显枫,方彦杰,王红丽,马一凡.半干旱区增施有机肥对全膜覆土穴播春小麦土壤碳氮比及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(2):47-55.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-28
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-04-26
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-05-07
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