有机肥部分替代化肥对台农芒果产量和品质的影响
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(海南大学热带作物学院,海南 海口 570228)

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司若彤(1993-),女,河南商丘人,硕士研究生,研究方向为热区果树养分综合管理。E-mail:905471152@qq.com。

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划 -高效施肥技术与新型肥料研究(2017YFD0202102);海南省重大科技计划项目 -海南芒果、柑橘品质提升关键技术研究与示范(ZDKJ2017003)。


Effect of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer on yield and quality of Tainong mango
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(Hainan University,Tropical CropsCollege,Haikou Hainan570228)

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    摘要:

    为明确不同有机肥部分替代化肥对芒果叶片矿质养分和果实产量品质的影响,通过主成分分析和综合评价得分,综合评价不同施肥方式肥料效应,为芒果产量品质综合评价提供分析方法和芒果的提质增效提供实践依据。通过大田试验,在等量施肥条件下有机肥部分替代化肥氮,设常规沟施化肥(CK)、发酵纯羊粪替代 10%化肥(10SF)、发酵纯羊粪替代 20%化肥(20SF)、生物有机肥替代 10%化肥(10BF)、生物有机肥替代 20%化肥(20BF),共 5个处理,分析芒果生物学性状、产量、经济效益、品质对不同施肥方式的响应,并对肥料效应综合评价。与 CK相比,生物有机肥替代 10%和 20%化肥处理均可以显著提高第三次梢叶片中钾含量。10BF果实纵茎较 CK增加了2.57%,各处理纵茎排列:10BF>20BF>20SF>CK>10SF;生物有机肥 10%和 20%替代化肥处理的芒果体积均大于纯羊粪相应处理;20BF处理单果重显著高于 CK和 20SF,单果重排序:20BF>10BF>CK>20SF>10SF。相较于CK,10BF的可食率、糖酸比、固酸比、Vc含量分别增加了4.80%、63.34%、54.81%、49.81%,可滴定酸降低了31.82%。肥料效应综合排序:10BF>20BF>20SF>10SF>CK。综合分析不同施肥处理的芒果产量和品质及其他指标,生物有机肥替代 10%化肥处理为本试验条件下最佳推荐施肥方式。

    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different organic fertilizers on the nutrient of leavesand fruit yield and quality of mango,evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizer effects in different fertilizationmethods,and to provide an analytical method for the comprehensive evaluation of mango yield and quality and provide apractical basis for improving the quality and efficiency ofmango,using the principal component analysis and comprehensiveevaluation scores. Five treatments were set up with the organic fertilizer partially replaced the fertilizer nitrogen in thefield:the traditional chemicalfertilizer(CK),10% chemical fertilizer replaced by the fermented sheepmanure(10SF),20% chemical fertilizer replaced by the fermented sheep manure(20SF),10% chemical fertilizer replaced by the bio -organic fertilizer(10BF),20% chemical fertilizer replaced by the bio -organic fertilizer(20BF). The response of mangoin biological traits,yield,economic benefit and quality to different fertilization methods and comprehensive evaluationof fertilizer effects were analyzed. Compared withCK,10BF and 20BF significantly increased the content of potassium inthe third shoot leaves. The longitudinal stem of 10BF fruit increased significantly by 2.57% compared withCK,and thelongitudinal stem arrangement of 5 treatments was asfollows:10BF>20BF>20SF>CK>10SF. The mango volumes of 10BF and 20BF were larger than that of the sheep manure treatments. The single fruit weight of 20BF treatment was significantlyhigher than that of CK and 20SF,and the reordering of single fruit weight among 5 treatments was as follows:20BF > 10BF >CK > 20SF > 10SF. Compared withCK,the ediblerate,sugar -acidratio,solid -acid ratio and VC content of10BF,weresignificantly increased by4.80%,63.34%,54.81% and49.81%,respectively,and the titrated acid were significantly reduced by 31.82%. The comprehensive order of fertilizer effects of five treatments on mango was 10BF > 20BF > 20SF > 10SF > CK. Principal component analysis and comprehensive score evaluation can analyze the mango yield and quality andother indicators of different treatments,the highest comprehensive score was the 10BF,which was the best recommended fertilization method.

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司若彤,刘维,林电.有机肥部分替代化肥对台农芒果产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(4):107-114.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-09-11
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-10-19
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-09-14
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