间作玉米马铃薯土壤水氮协同吸收特征研究
作者:
作者单位:

(1.昆明学院科技处,云南 昆明 650214;2.云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南 昆明 650201)

作者简介:

刘英超(1988-),女,黑龙江人,讲师,博士,主要从事间作水分利用与养分吸收关系研究。E-mail:liuyingchao_1988@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:云南省地方本科高校基础研究联合专项资金项目[2019FH001(-056)];国家自然科学基金项目(31460551、41361065、31260504);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020J0524);昆明学院人才引进科学研究启动项目(YJL2005)。


Characteristics of interactive absorption of soil water and N in maize and potato intercropping system
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(1.Department of Science andTechnology,KunmingUniversity,KunmingYunnan650214;2.College of Resources and EnvironmentalScience,Yunnan AgriculturalUniversity,Kunming Yunnan650201)

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    摘要:

    土壤水氮协同吸收对玉米、马铃薯产量维持具有重要作用。本研究通过盆栽试验,采用滴灌补水方式,动态定量监测了玉米(Zea mays)马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)间作条件下,作物不同生育期表观耗水量变化和水分利用差异,并通过各生育期表观耗水量和植株氮含量变化,分析了水分吸收与氮素在植株累积中的关系。结果表明,玉米马铃薯间作有明显产量优势,土地当量比(LER)为 1.36,玉米种间竞争力强于马铃薯(ARF>0)。与单作相比,间作玉米总表观耗水量减少 16.67%,间作马铃薯总表观耗水量增加 15.44%,两种间作作物表观耗水量差异不显著。作物整个生育期,与单作相比,间作玉米氮素累计吸收量减少 96.30%,间作马铃薯减少 83.66%,间作作物中,玉米高于马铃薯 151.53%。全生育期作物表观耗水量与氮素累积吸收量均呈显著正相关关系,且越到后期越明显,其中,抽穗至成熟期为玉米水 -氮协同吸收关系最紧密时期,单作玉米相关系数 0.717,间作玉米相关系数 0.814,块茎形成期至淀粉积累期为马铃薯水 -氮协同吸收最明显时期,单间作马铃薯相关系数分别达到 0.808和0.875。综上,玉米马铃薯间作促进作物水 -氮协同吸收作用,且随生育期推移越显著。

    Abstract:

    Soil water and nitrogen interactive absorption plays an important role in maintaining maize and potatoyield.Potexperiment with drip irrigation was conducted in thisstudy,dynamic apparent water consumption ofmaize( Zea mays)andpotato( Solanum tuberosum)in different growth stages under the conditions of intercropping was quantitatively monitored.Frome the changes of apparent water consumption and nitrogen content in crops through the growthstages,the relationshipbetween water uptake and nitrogen accumulation in plants were analyzed.Results showed that,maize intercroppingpotato had obvious yieldadvantage,the land equivalent ratio(LER)was 1.36,interspecific competition of maize wasstronger than potato.In the whole growth period,compared with that of monocropping,intercropping maize apparentwater consumption was 16.67%lower,total nitrogen uptake was 96.30%lower,intercropping potato apparent consumptionwas 15.44% higher,and total nitrogen uptake was 83.66%lower.There was a significant positive correlation of maizebetween the apparent water consumption and nitrogen accumulation in the whole growthperiod,the correlation coefficient ofintercropping(0.769)was higher than that ofmonoculture(0.701),and increased with the growthperiod,the correlationcoefficient of maize reached the maximum at heading stage to maturitystage(intercropping maize was0.814,monocroppingmaize was0.717);the apparent water consumption was significantly correlated with the amount of nitrogen accumulation ofpotato during the formation stage until the starch accumulationstage,and the correlation coefficient ofintercropping(0.875)was higher than that of monoculture(0.808).In short,water consumption and nitrogen absorption coefficient of maizeand potato intercropping system was higher than monoculture,and the characteristic was more obvious with the growth ofcrop.In conclusion,maize and potato intercropping promoted the synergistic absorption of water and nitrogen,which was more obvious with the growth period.

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刘英超,汤利,郑毅.间作玉米马铃薯土壤水氮协同吸收特征研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020,(4):150-156.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-25
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2019-09-17
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-09-14
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