Soil nutrients have strong temporal and spatial variability.Figuring out the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of paddy soil fertility in the past 40 years could provide guidance for the soil fertility management of paddyfield.The second soil survey and 2018 paddy soil fertility data in Ningxiang city were collected and sortedout.Based ongeostatistics，the software such as GS7.0+，ArcGIS and R were used for analysis.The results showed that soil organicmatter(SOM)，total nitrogen(TN)，alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN)，available phosphorus(AP)，availablepotassium(AK)and comprehensive fertility index(IFI)increased by13.1%，98.5%，20.1%，98.2%，13.7% and47.9% in the past 40 years，respectively，while pH decreased by0.58，the soil showed acidizing trend.AP showedweak spatial correlation and was greatly affected by random factors.SOM，TN，AN，AK，pH and IFI had strong spatialcorrelation，which were affected by topographic and humanfactors.SOM，TN and AN were important factors ofIFI，and the increase of TN was the key driving factor for the improvement ofIFI.Rice yield and IFI were significantly positivecorrelated.