In order to study the changes of soil fertility quality under different vegetation types in Dinghushan National NatureReserve，soils of six representative vegetation types were sampled，and 14 soil physical，chemical and biological indiceswere determined inlaboratory.Andthen，principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to comprehensivelyevaluate the soil fertilityquality.The results showedthat:1)The soil in broad -leaved forest had good physicalstructure，sufficient chemical nutrients and the highest biological fertility；while the soilphysical，chemical and biological fertility in Pinus massonianaforest were seriouslydegraded，and most of the soil fertility indices in bamboo forest and mixed forest were between broad-leaved forest and Pinus massonianaforest.2)Compared with broad -leavedforest，application of organicfertilizer improved the bulk density，water content，available chemical nutrients，pH and CEC of tea garden soils，butsoil total chemical nutrients were still obviouslydecreased.Moreover，the biological indicators of tea garden soils were alsodecreased obviously.3)Principal component analysis transformed 14 fertility indices into 2 principal components by data dimensionality reduction，and the 2 principal components explained 75.75% of the totalvariance.The soil fertility qualityscores under different vegetation types based on principal component analysis were ranked as follows:broad -leaved forest(0.60)>old teagarden(0.33)>new teagarden(0.12)>bambooforest(0.04)>mixedforest(-0.01)> Pinus massonianaforest(-1.08).4)The soil fertility quality under different vegetation types in Dinghushan could be divided into4 groups by clusteranalysis:(Ⅰ)broad -leavedforest，(Ⅱ)tea garden，(Ⅲ)bamboo forest and mixedforest，(Ⅳ) Pinus massonianaforest.In conclusion，the soil fertility quality under different vegetation types in Dinghushan showedsignificantly different.The shifts of vegetation types from natural broad -leaved forest to other types would lead to decreasesoil fertility quality，but with varyingvariations.Therefore，it is suggested that different control and management measures should be adopted for different vegetation types to restore and improve soil fertility quality.