The effects of different cultivation methods on the yield and photosynthetic characteristics of rice in cold region werediscussed，which provided theoretical and practical basis for the construction of high yield cultivation technology system of rice incoldregion.In 2017～2018，under the fieldconditions，three cultivation methods were setup，i.e.local farmers’cultivationmethod(FP)，high -yield cultivation method(HY)and super -high-yield cultivation method(SHY)，with japonica rice varietiesas the experimentalmaterials.The yield and yieldcomposition，leaf areaindex，photosynthetic characteristicparameters，population growthcharacteristics，dry matter accumulation and transport of rice in different cultivation methods were studied withFP as the control.The results showed that，compared withFP，the yield increase of HY and SHY was 9.85%～ 24.78% and12.76%～ 23.54% in twoyears，respectively.HY and SHY significantly increased the leaf area index and efficient leaf area rateof rice in each period.HY and SHY significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，transpirationrate，and reduced the intercellular CO 2concentration.The photosynthetic potential and population of HY and SHY from thetillering stage to the full heading stage were significantly higher than those ofFP.HY and SHY significantly increased the drymatter weight ofrice，the material export rate and transformation rate ofleaves，stems andsheaths.Insummary，high -yield cultivation methods and super-high-yield cultivation methods can achieve high yields of rice by improving population growthstructure.