The content of microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and its influencing factors in 148 tea garden soils were studied. The results showed that the mass fraction of MBC(ωmic)in tea gardens ranged from 38.1～680.2 mg·kg-1，with an average of 246.0 mg·kg-1，and its content varies grealty，mainly influenced by soil organic carbon，pH，tea plantation management，tea plant standing age and soil parent material.(1)There was a significant positive correlation between ωmic and the mass fraction of organic carbon(ωorg)in tea garden soil，and a certain positive correlation with pH.Liming of very acidic soil could significantly increase its ωmic.(2)ωmic increased initially and then decreased with the increase of tea plant standing age，with the highest around 45 years old，reaching(597.7 ± 89.2)mg·kg-1.(3)ωmic in the organic management tea gardens was significantly higher than those in conventional and conversional tea gardens(P<0.05). (4)ωmic was significantly higher in the soils derived from parent materials of granite，Anshan porphyry and red sandstone than these derived from quaternary red soil and limestone(P<0.05).(5)ωmic increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of total N in tea gardens.Among the influencing factors of ωmic in tea garden soil，organic carbon was the most influential factor，followed by soil pH，soil parent material，age of tea plant and total N.Therefore，in order to improve ωmic in tea gardens to maintain and improve soil fertility，we should take the measures，such as applying more organic fertilizer，promoting the organic management，controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied，increasing soil pH appropriately and replacing old tea gardens.