In order to explore optimal fertilizer management mode under soybean-maize rotation in Heilongjiang reclamation region，field positioning experiment was carried out in Heshan farm science and technological park of Jiusan administration bureau of Heilongjiang province，soybean-maize rotation was taken as the object and the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was ensured the same during rotation period.The field experience was conducted to reduce nitrogen and increase phosphorus in soybean season，increase nitrogen and reduce phosphorus in maize season，and the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus control treatments on plant growth，nutrient accumulation，soil balance and economic benefit of soybean-maize rotation were studied.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization，the application of reducing 1/2 nitrogen of soybean and increasing 1/2 phosphorus of maize in soybean season(S2)and the application of increasing 1/2 nitrogen of soybean and reducing 1/2 phosphorus of maize in maize season(M2)promoted the nutrient uptake of soybean and maize plants in latter period and the dry matter accumulation.The yields of soybean and maize increased by 5.9% and 11.2%，respectively.In soybean-maize rotation，the balance of N，P and K of all nitrogen and phosphorus regulation treatments were surplus，and the lowest treatment of S2-M2 were 3.44%，62.69%，0.21%，respectively.Soil nitrogen and potassium balance of S2-M2 treatment were basically balanced，but phosphorus still had surplus.The maximum annual economic benefit of soybean-maize rotation was also obtained by S2-M2 treatment，which was 25351 yuan/hm².The above results showed that the application of S2 and the application of M2 can promote the absorption of nutrients by soybean and maize plants，increase dry matter accumlation，decrease the adverse effects of nutrient residues，thereby achieving the purpose of increasing yield and increasing efficiency.