At present，in the production of pepper in the yellow soil area of southwest，the ratio of macro-element fertilizers and the insufficient input of calcium and magnesium fertilizers is an important factor that limits the quality and efficiency of pepper.Based on the nutrient requirement of pepper，a formula fertilizer of pepper was designed，and Ca and Mg were added to the formula fertilizer.Addition，two field experiments were conducted at Shizhu county，Chongqing city and Jinping county，Guizhou province with the same fertilization treatments，respectively.And the effects of formula fertilizer containing Ca and Mg on the yield，plant dry matter accumulation，K，Ca，Mg nutrients balance，partial productivity of N and P fertilizer，quality and economic benefit were studied.The results showed that:compared with the treatment of common compound fertilizer，the application of formula fertilizer can significantly improved the partial productivity of P fertilizer， with an average increase of 63.7% in the two test sites；two treatments of additional of Ca and Mg(common compound fertilizer containing Ca and Mg，formula fertilizer containing Ca and Mg)significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and yield of pepper with an average increase of 41.8% and 44.3%，respectively，and improved the economic benefits of farmers.Besides，these treatments promoted the transfer of K，Ca and Mg nutrients from stem and leaf to fruit of pepper plant，and increased the content of Vc in fruits by 35.7% and 29.7%，respectively.The application of common compound fertilizer containing Ca and Mg and formula fertilizer containing Ca and Mg increased partial productivity of N fertilizer by 30.5% and 37.3%，respectively；and increased portial productivity of P fertilizer by 30.5% and 117.9%，respectively；while increasing the soil Ca and Mg surplus.In conclusion，in the southwest yellow soil pepper planting area，the application of formula fertilizer containing Ca and Mg can significantly improve the yield and quality of pepper，increase the income of farmers，improve the partial productivity of N and P fertilizer.