In order to investigate the formation reasons of maize yield with different fertilizer practices in the first accumulative temperate zone in Heilongjiang province，the content of carbon and nitrogen，activities of related key enzymes in surface soil and yields under different fertilizer patterns were analyzed under the condition of full straw returning to provide theoretical and technical support for enhancements of maize production capacity.Using the introduced cultivation variety Jingnongke 728 in the first accumulated temperature zone of Heilongjiang province as experimental materials and adopting the plot contrast design，the treatments of farmer fertilizer+urea(NHF)，carbon basal fertilizer+urea(TJF)and controlled release fertilizer(KSF)were built.Effects of straw returning cooperated with different fertilizer practice on the content of carbon and nitrogen，activities of related key enzymes in surface soil and yield were studied.Meanwhile，the change rules of soil physicochemical indexes of organic carbon，microbial carbon，ammonia nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen，available nitrogen，microbial nitrogen and activities of urease，protease，cellulase and invertase in surface soil were analyzed.The results showed as follows:Compared with NHF，content of soil organic carbon and soil microbial biomass carbon of TJF in grain filling stage increased by 7.67% and 7.29%，content of soil ammonium nitrogen，soil nitrate nitrogen，soil available nitrogen and soil microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 1.97%，7.77%，7.29% and 6.28%，and activities of soil urease，soil catalase，soil cellulase and soil sucrase increased by 23.29%，5.92%，7.97% and 15.70% respectively；content of soil organic carbon and soil microbial biomass carbon of KSF in grain filling stage increased by 10.80% and 10.86%，content of soil ammonium nitrogen，soil nitrate nitrogen，soil available nitrogen and soil microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 21.39%，12.30%，31.97% and 21.08%，activities of soil urease，soil catalase，soil cellulase and soil sucrase increased by 25.81%，24.35%，12.76% and 18.93% respectively.Yield of TJF and KSF increased by 1.99% and 13.24% respectively.The study recommends the suitable cultivation model for maize production in the first accumulative temperate zone in Heilongjiang province is the double rows planting which means that one 70 cm wide row with 40 cm narrow row，assisting in the application of 600 kg/hm² controlled release fertilizer under the condition of full straw returning.