Red soils are generally acid and contain more Fe and Al that can form Fe-P and Al-P，resulting in low P bioavailability.Applying P fertilizer can improve the capability of red soils to supply P for plants，but the P that is not used by plants accumulates in soils and has potential risks in polluting surface water.Researching soil P status has important implications for increasing crop yield and protecting ecological environment.Much more attention has been paid to the P status of red soils and surface water，but fewer studies pay attention to the direct link between red soil P status and surface water P pollution.We collected 54 soil samples in drylands，54 soil samples in paddy fields and 24 water samples around paddy fields in Yujiang County，Jiangxi Province.We determined the Olsen-P，Bray-P and CaCl2-P concentrations of soil samples，and the total P concentrations of water samples.The results showed that，according to Olsen-P，11% of drylands and 39% of paddy fields were P-deficient，61% of drylands and 39% of paddy fields were P-moderate，and 11% of drylands and 11% of paddy fields were P-excess.According to Bray-P，11% of drylands and 33% of paddy fields were P-deficient，6% of drylands and 33% of paddy fields were P-moderate，and 77% of drylands and 6% of paddy fields were P-excess.A extremely correlation was observed among Olsen-P、Bray-P and CaCl2-P.On the basis of the regressive analyses between Olsen-P and CaCl2-P，and between Bray-P and CaCl2-P，the change points of P loss were 56.31 and 118.4 mg·kg-1 for Olsen-P and Bray-P，respectively.According to the change points，the concentrations of Olsen-P and Bray-P in paddy fields never exceeded the P change point，but 50% and 33% of drylands exceeded the P change points of Olsen-P and Bray-P，respectively.The total P concentrations in the ditches around paddy fields never exceeded the total P standard for surface water in class II of the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water.Taken together，dryland soils have high available P concentrations and high P loss risk，whereas paddy soils have low available P concentrations and low P loss risk.