The improvement of soil organic carbon (SOC)and continuous grain production and stable production are one of the major challenges facing the sustainable development of agriculture.However，in agricultural production systems，it is unclear how to coordinate the improvement of soil organic carbon，grain production and stable production.This paper collected the data of grain yield，soil organic matter content and organic fertilizer application in Quzhou County in different historical periods (1980s，1990s，2000s and 2010s)，and the integration of several field experiments in Quzhou，the differences in carbon input and crop yields in Quzhou in different periods were analyzed.The main results are as follows:(1)The crop yield and soil organic matter content in Quzhou County showed significant regional characteristics in space，and the crop yield and soil organic matter content in the vicinity of the county were significantly higher；(2)From 1980s to 2010s，the grain yield of Quzhou County increased from 2.9 t·hm-2 to 7.7 t·hm-2，the coefficient of variation of yield decreased from 22.9% to 3.3%，and the soil organic matter content increased from 8.5 g·kg-1 to 13.8 g·kg-1.The county′s average carbon input increased from 1.4 t·hm-2 to 9.3 t·hm-2；(3)Based on the analysis of long-term positioning test results，the optimized soil organic carbon was significantly improved compared with the blank control，with an average annual increase of 5.9%.Production increased by an average of 84.1% over the decade.At the same time，the coefficient of variation was reduced by 3.9%.By optimizing management measures such as retuming straw to the field and applying organic fertilizer，soil organic carbon can be increased，grain production can be increased and production can be stabilized.In the process of increasing grain production，the crop will put more carbon into the soil.The benign circulation of above-ground and underground，and soil organic matter improvement，crop yield increase and stable production are synergistically realized.