The Danjiangkou Reservoir is a typical agricultural area，with the development of the socio-economic development of the Reservoir，the impact of agricultural production on the ecological environment of the Reservoir has been continuously improved.Clarifying the soil fertility characteristics and the effects of slope on the nutrient loss can provides a scientific basis for improving the soil quality and nutrient efficiency.Xichuan county of Danjiangkou Reservoir area was selected as the research area，160 soil samples were investigated and collected from different slopes，and comprehensive analysis was achieved to quantitatively evaluate the impact of farmland slope on soil fertility.The results showed that the soil nutrients in farmland with different slopes were at a medium level，compared with the total amount of nutrients，the coefficient of variation of soil available nutrients were larger，the soil available phosphorus and soil alkaline nitrogen were 1.10 and 0.40，respectively.Under different slope conditions，the soil fertility index of farmland were significantly different，compared with 10～15° farmland，the organic matter content of 0～5 and 5～10° farmland increased by 27.1% and 17.2%，respectively，and the available phosphorus content of 0～5 and 5～10° farmland soil increased by 52.7% and 115%，respectively.Combined with CCA analysis，it showed that the soil fertility index had a good respond to the degree of soil slope.Therefore，the nutrients in the farmland soil >10° in the study area are easy to be leaching，and the soil and water loss is serious.To maintain the ecological balance of the Danjiangkou Reservoir area，farmland areas >10° should be used as important areas for soil improvement and key objects of management.