化肥减量配施有机液体肥对加工番茄生长及土壤酶活性的影响
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(石河子大学/新疆绿洲生态农业兵团重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832003)

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桑文(1996-),女,新疆和硕人,硕士研究生,主要从事农业生态环境研究。E-mail:sangwen0410@163.com。

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0501406)。


Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic liquid fertilizer on processed tomato growth and soil enzyme activity
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(Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003)

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    摘要:

    通过研究不同化肥减量配施有机液体肥对加工番茄生长及土壤酶活性的影响,为化肥减量配施有机液体肥的可行性及作物种植中的减肥增效提供理论依据和技术支撑。采用微区控制试验,设置了5个处理,空白对照NF、单施化肥CF100、化肥全量配施有机液体肥CF100SW、化肥减量10%配施有机液体肥CF90SW、化肥减量20%配施有机液体肥CF80SW;分析其对番茄养分吸收、产量、品质和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:CF100SW、CF90SW、CF80SW处理较CF100处理显著促进番茄对氮、磷养分的吸收及提高氮磷肥利用率,其中CF80SW处理较CF100处理单株氮、磷素吸收量分别增加25.15%、11.59%,氮、磷肥利用率达34.00%、15.89%;CF100SW处理产量最高,较CF100处理增加12.34%,CF90SW处理次之,增加4.23%。施用有机液体肥的各处理(CF100SW、CF90SW、CF80SW)较CF100处理均能增加番茄Vc和番茄红素的含量;显著提高土壤蛋白酶、转化酶、纤维素酶、碱性磷酸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性;其中纤维素酶和转化酶增加最为显著,CF100SW、CF90SW、CF80SW处理纤维素酶活性分别较CF100处理增高35.59%、43.64%、29.98%;转化酶活性较CF100处理分别增高28.68%、58.44%、45.49%。综上所述,有机无机结合的施肥方式能够促进加工番茄养分吸收,提高肥料利用率,增产提质,营造良好的土壤微环境;且从产量、养分吸收和肥料利用率的综合角度考虑,适量减少10%~20%的化肥配施有机液体肥更为适宜。

    Abstract:

    By studying the effects of different chemical fertilizer reductions combined with organic liquid fertilizers on the growth of processed tomatoes and soil enzyme activity,it provides theoretical basis and technical support for the feasibility of chemical fertilizers reduction combined with organic liquid fertilizers and reducing fertilizer application and increasing effect in crop cultivation.Using micro-area control test,five treatments were set up,blank control (NF),single application of chemical fertilizer (CF100),full application of chemical fertilizer with organic liquid fertilizer(CF100SW),chemical fertilizer reduction of 10% with organic liquid fertilizer (CF90SW),and chemical fertilizer reduction of 20% with organic liquid fertilizer (CF80SW). The effects of these treatments on nutrient absorption,yield,quality of tomato and soil enzyme activity were analyzed.The results showed that the CF100SW,CF90SW,and CF80SW treatments significantly enhanced the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and the utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers compared with the CF100 treatment.Among them,CF80SW treatment was more effective,the absorption increased by 25.15%,11.59%,and nitrogen and phosphate utilization rates reached 34.00% and 15.89% respectively,compared with the CF100 treatment.Compared with the chemical fertilizer application alone,the yield of CF100SW treatment was the highest,which increased 12.34%,followed by CF90SW treatment,which increased by 4.23%;Organic liquid fertilizer treatments (CF100SW,CF90SW,CF80SW) increased the content of tomato vitamin C and lycopene,significantly increased the activities of soil protease,invertase,cellulase,alkaline phosphatase,β-glucosidase,in which the activities of soil cellulase and invertase increased most significantly.CF100SW,CF90SW and CF80SW treatments had 35.59%,43.64% and 29.98% higher cellulase activity than those treated with CF100;invertase activity increased 28.68%,58.44%,45.49%.To sum up,the application of organic liquid fertilizer can promote nutrient absorption of processed tomatoes,increase fertilizer utilization rate,increase yield and quality,and create a good soil micro-environment;and from the comprehensive perspective of yield,nutrient absorption,and fertilizer utilization rate,an appropriate reduction of 10%~20% of chemical fertilizers are more suitable with organic liquid fertilizers.

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桑文,赵亚光,张霁峰,张凤华.化肥减量配施有机液体肥对加工番茄生长及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2021,(2):53-60.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-14
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  • 录用日期:2020-02-21
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-05-17
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