土壤调理剂和生草互作对果园酸化土壤化学性质及产量的影响
作者:
作者单位:

(1.烟台市农业技术推广中心,山东 烟台 264000;2.滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东 滨州 256603;3.全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京 100125;4.山东省土壤肥料总站,山东 济南 250100)

作者简介:

孙瑶(1985-),女,山东烟台人,农艺师,博士,从事土壤肥料与农技推广研究。E-mail:sunyao0538@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100);滨州学院博士基金项目(2019Y10)。


Effects of soil conditioner and growing grass on yield and soil chemical properties in orchard acidic soils
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(1. Yantai Agricultural Extension Center,Yantai Shandong 264000;2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta,Binzhou University,Binzhou Shandong 256603;3. National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125;4. Soil and Fertilizer Station of Shandong Province,Jinan Shandong 250100)

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    摘要:

    土壤调理剂和生草技术是改善果园土壤质量、提高苹果产量和品质的有效措施。通过大田试验,设置不同类型的土壤调理剂和生草的裂区试验,主区为土壤调理剂处理:不施土壤调理剂(CK)、生石灰(QL)、化学土壤调理剂(KB)、腐植酸类土壤调理剂(SC)和生物有机肥(BOM),副区为清耕(CT)和生草(GR)处理,共设10个处理,研究土壤调理剂和生草互作效果。结果表明:土壤调理剂和生草处理在苹果产量、可溶性固形物和Vc含量上存在显著的交互作用,SC与BOM处理较CK显著增加了苹果的产量和Vc含量,GR较CT处理显著增加了苹果的可溶性固形物、Vc含量和固酸比。各土壤调理剂较CK处理的土壤pH显著增加了5.1%~12.6%,GR较CT的土壤pH也显著提高了9.1%,且与土壤调理剂处理交互作用显著。对于土壤有机质和碱解氮含量,SC和BOM处理较CK得到了显著增加,GR较CT也得到了显著增加。BOM-GR处理较KB-GR处理显著增加了叶片的SPAD值以及叶片的全氮、全钙和全镁含量。SC-GR处理较QL-GR和KB-GR处理显著增加了叶片全磷和全钾含量。SC、BOM处理和GR配施能够有效地改善土壤质量,增加苹果的产量和品质。

    Abstract:

    Soil conditioners and interplanting grass in orchard play important roles for improving soil quality,apple yield and fruit quality.A field experiment with different types of soil conditioners and growing grass was carried out in this research using a split-plot design to study on the interaction effects,in which the type of soil conditioner was the main plot and the grass was subplot.The experiment consisted of five soil conditioner treatments,including no soil conditioner(CK),quick lime(QL),chemical soil conditioner(KB),humic acid soil conditioner(SC),and biological organic fertilizer(BOM),in combination with two grass treatments including clear tillage(CT) and growing grass(GR),a total of 10 treatments.The results indicated that there were significant interactions between soil conditioner and grass on the yield,soluble solids and vitamin C content of apple.The apple yield and vitamin C contents in SC and BOM treatments were increased significantly compared with CK treatment and the soluble solids,vitamin C contents and solid acid ratio in GR treatment were significant higher than in CT treatment.The soil conditioner treatments significantly improved the soil pH by 5.1%~12.6% than CK treatment,and the pH of GR also was 9.1% higher than CT treatment,evidencing a clear interaction between soil conditioner and growing grass.For soil organic matter and alkaline nitrogen,SC and BOM treatments were significant higher than CK treatment,and GR was higher than CT.BOM-GR treatment increased significantly SPAD value,total nitrogen,total calcium and total magnesium contents of apple leaves,compared with KB-GR treatment.The total phosphorus and total potassium in SC-GR was higher than in QL-GR and KB-GR treatments.Consequently,the application of soil conditioner and growing grass in orchard could not only improve the soil quality,but also increased the yield and fruit quality.

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孙瑶,马金昭,傅国海,张培苹,马荣辉,孙景宽,董凯凯.土壤调理剂和生草互作对果园酸化土壤化学性质及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2021,(2):61-68.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-22
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2020-05-06
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-05-17
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