控释氮肥减量配施对土壤氮素调控及夏玉米产量的影响
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(1.沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/农业农村部东北耕地保育重点实验室/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110161;2.辽宁省农业发展服务中心,辽宁 沈阳 110034)

作者简介:

刘楚桐(1995-),女,辽宁抚顺人,硕士研究生,主要从事新型肥料的研发及应用研究。E-mail:liuchutong1995@126.com。

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基金项目:辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC1905010);辽宁省重点研发计划项目(2019JH2/10200004);沈阳市中青年创新人才支持计划(RC1705580)。


Effect of reducing and postponing controlled-release nitrogen application on soil nitrogen regulation and summer maize yield
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(1.School of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Shenyang Liaoning 110161;2.Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center,Shenyang Liaoning 110034)

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    摘要:

    控释氮肥减量后移能够有效提高氮肥的利用率、降低成本,还能够减少对环境造成污染。因此,研究控释氮肥减量配施在小麦-玉米轮作体系中对土壤氮素调控及夏玉米的产量影响,对指导小麦-玉米轮作体系科学施肥具有重要的指导意义。本研究共设置不施氮肥(CK)、100%普通尿素(U)、100%控释尿素(CRU)、80%控释尿素(80%CRU)、100%配方控释肥(100%SCR)及80%配方控释肥(80%SCR)6个处理,探讨控释氮肥减量配施对土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、微生物量氮、全氮、土壤酶活性及产量的影响。结果表明,在玉米生育期内施用氮肥的处理较不施氮肥的处理土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、微生物量氮均显著增高。在成熟期,100%控释尿素处理的土壤全氮较不施氮肥处理高出了46.23%,较常规施肥处理高出了36.37%,100%配方控释肥处理较不施氮肥处理高出了30.83%,较常规施肥处理高出了24.60%。玉米生育期内土壤酶活性变化也十分显著,脲酶和硝酸还原酶活性均在大喇叭口期达到最高。不同施氮处理间对硝酸还原酶和脲酶活性的影响总体表现为100%控释配方肥最高,不施氮肥处理活性最低。各施氮处理比不施氮肥处理增产显著,增幅为7.6%~13.04%,其中100%配方控释肥和100%控释尿素较常规施肥处理相比,分别增产4.04%和1.37%,其中100%配方控释肥增产显著。综上,100%配方控释肥能够在作物整个生育期内持续释放氮素使其能够满足作物整个生长期对氮素的需求,提高土壤肥力与固氮能力,从而提高氮肥的利用率,实现环境效益与经济效益双赢。

    Abstract:

    Controlled-release nitrogen(N)fertilizer(CRF)reduction and postponement can effectively improve the utilization rate of N,reduce economic cost and protect the environment.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the effect of CRF reduction and postponement on soil N regulation and the yield of summer maize in wheat-maize rotation system.Six treatments were set up in this study,including no N fertilizer(CK),100% ordinary urea(U),100% controlled-release urea(CRU),80% controlled-release urea(80%CRU),100% formula controlled-release fertilizer(100%SCR)and 80% formula controlled-release fertilizer(80%SCR),respectively.The aim of our study was to explore the effects of controlled-release N reduction on ammonium N,nitrate N,microbial biomass N,total N,soil enzyme activity and yield.The results showed that the treatment of applying N fertilizer during the growth period of maize significantly increased the soil ammonium N,nitrate N and microbial biomass N treatment of applying N than that of CK.In the harvest period,the total N of CRU treatment was 46.23% higher than that of no N treatment,36.37% higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment,the total N of 100%SCR treatment was 30.83% higher than that of CK and 24.60% higher than that of U.The activity of soil enzyme was also very significant during the growth period of maize,and the activity of urease and nitrate reductase reached the peak at the bell stage.The effects of different N treatments on the activities of nitrate reductase and urease were the highest in 100%SCR and the lowest in CK.The yield of each nitrogen application treatment was significantly higher than that of CK,with an increase of 7.6%~13.04%.Among them,the yield of 100%SCR and CRU was 4.04% and 1.37% higher than that of U,and the yield of 100%SCR was significantly higher.In conclusion,100%SCR can release nitrogen continuously throughout the whole growth period of the crop,so that it can meet the demand of nitrogen during the whole growth period of the crop,improve the soil fertility and nitrogen fixation capacity,so as to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer,and achieve win-win environmental and economic benefits.

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刘楚桐,陈松岭,金鑫鑫,徐志强,叶旭红,邹洪涛,张玉龙.控释氮肥减量配施对土壤氮素调控及夏玉米产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2021,(2):108-115.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-06
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2020-03-17
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-05-17
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