不同施肥水平对温室番茄生长、氮吸收及产量品质的影响
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(1.北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京 100097;2.中国农业大学园艺学院,北京 100094;3.南京农业大学农学院,江苏 南京 210095)

作者简介:

韩雪(1996-),女,河南鄢陵人,硕士研究生,从事作物生理生态或作物水肥高效利用研究。E-mail:snowingHANXUE@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201503);环京津蔬菜产品安全生产与供应技术研究与集成示范(KJCX20180705);北京市科技计划课题(D171100007617003)。


Effects of different fertilization levels on tomato growth,nitrogen uptake,yield and quality in greenhouse
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Affiliation:

(1.Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment For Agriculture,Beijing 100097;2.College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094;3.College of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095)

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    摘要:

    以温室番茄为研究对象,基于水肥一体化技术研究了5种施肥水平(以N计,N0:0 kg/hm2、N1:150 kg/hm2、N2:300 kg/hm2、N3:450 kg/hm2、N4:600 kg/hm2 ,N-P-K=15-5-25)下番茄生长和氮素养分累积动态变化,探究水肥一体化技术下不同施肥水平对番茄生长发育、氮吸收及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明:N2处理下的番茄植株呈矮壮化生长,株高较N4处理下降15.9%(P<0.05),茎粗较N4处理增加27.8%(P<0.05)。N2处理具有较高的叶片SPAD值,其在番茄定植后55与115 d时较N4处理分别增加10.7%和13.2%(P<0.05)。随生育期推进,番茄植株地上部干物质量与氮累积量增加呈“慢-快-慢”的趋势,提高施肥水平可增加番茄植株地上部干物质量与氮累积量,但施肥处理间并无显著性差异。果实品质受到施肥的显著影响,其中N2处理的可溶性固形物较N0处理增加28.3%(P<0.05),可滴定酸含量比处理N0和N4分别增加22.5%和19.8%(P<0.05)。施肥增加了番茄产量,但施肥水平过高对产量并无显著提升,其中N2处理产量较N0处理增加了13.2%,且与处理N3、N4相比无显著差异。温室番茄的氮素利用效率(NUE)和肥料偏生产力(PFP)均随施肥水平升高而显著下降,N2处理的NUE和PEP分别为N4处理的1.82和1.74倍(P<0.05),N2处理下温室番茄的氮肥农学利用率最高,为N3、N4处理的1.9和2.9倍(P<0.05)。综合考虑番茄生长、产量品质及肥料利用率等指标,本试验条件下,N2施肥水平为供试水肥一体化条件下的适宜肥料用量。

    Abstract:

    Taking greenhouse tomatoes as research objects,dynamic changes of tomato growth and nitrogen nutrient accumulation were studied in five fertilization levels(in N,N0:0 kg/hm2,N1:150 kg/hm2,N2:300 kg/hm2,N3:450 kg/hm2,N4:600 kg/hm2,N-P-K=15-5-25)to explore the effects of different fertilization levels on tomato growth and development,nitrogen absorption,and fertilizer use efficiency under the integrated water and fertilizer technology.The results showed that:compared with N4 treatment,N2 treatment improved the shortness of tomato plants,the plant height decreased by 15.9%(P<0.05),and the stem thickness increased by 27.8% (P<0.05);N2 treatment had higher SPAD value of leaves,which increased by 10.7% and 13.2% at 55 and 115 d after tomato planting,respectively(P<0.05).With the growth period advancing,the dry matter mass and nitrogen accumulation of tomato plants increased in a “slow-fast-slow” trend.Increasing fertilization could increase the dry matter mass and nitrogen accumulation of tomato plants,but there were no significant difference among the fertilization treatments.Fruit quality was significantly affected by fertilization.Among them,the soluble solids in N2 treatment increased by 28.3%(P<0.05)compared to N0 treatment,and the titratable acid content increased by 22.5% and 19.8%(P<0.05)compared with treatments of N0 and N4,respectively.Fertilization increased tomato yield,but high fertilization levels did not significantly increase yield.Among them,the yield of N2 treatment increased by 13.2% compared with that of N0 treatment,and there was no significant difference compared with the treatment of N3 and N4.The nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)and partial factor productivity(PFP)of greenhouse tomatoes decreased significantly with the increase of fertilization level.The NUE and PEP of N2 treatment were 1.82 and 1.74 times of N4 treatment(P<0.05),and greenhouse tomato had the highest agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in N2 level,which was 1.9 and 2.9 times that of N3 and N4 treatments(P<0.05).Taking into account indicators such as tomato growth,yield quality,and fertilizer utilization rate,under the conditions of this experiment the N2 fertilization level is the appropriate fertilizer amount under the conditions of water and fertilizer integration.

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韩雪,曲梅,李银坤,王湛,郭文忠,陈菲.不同施肥水平对温室番茄生长、氮吸收及产量品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2021,(2):162-169.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-01-07
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2020-02-21
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-05-17
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