Effects of relative position of phosphate fertilizer-kernel on growth and development of peanut and use efficiency of phosphate fertilizer were studied by pot experiment with no phosphorus application，phosphorus application mixed with 0～10 cm soil，phosphorus application in one side with 5 cm distance from peanut seed and 5 cm depth，phosphorus application in two sides with 5 cm distance from peanut seed and 5 cm depth，and phosphorus application under peanut seed 5 cm depth，in order to provide technical basis for precise fertilization combined with sowing kernel of peanut with machine.The results showed that agronomic traits and yield characters were optimal，including peanut main stem，lateral branch length，branch number，full pod number，full pod weight，weight of 100 pod，ratio of kernel to pod，productivity per plant，dry matter weight，phosphorus content，phosphorus accumulation in different organs of peanut，and phosphate use efficiency were the largest，with phosphorus application under peanut seed 5 cm depth，followed by phosphorus application in one side with distance from peanut seed 5 cm and 5 cm depth，the third was phosphorus application in two sides with distance from peanut seed 5 cm and 5 cm depth，and the minimum was phosphorus application mixed with 0～10 cm soil.Under the conditions of this experiment，concentrated application of phosphate fertilizer could promote growth and development of peanut，improve phosphate fertilizer use efficiency，among them，productivity per plant and phosphate use efficiency were highest with phosphorus application under peanut seed 5 cm depth，which were 32.4 g/plant and 27.1%，respectively.