In this study，a three-year experiment was conducted to investigate effects of returning root stubble of green manure and applying chemical fertilizer on soil aggregation and distribution of carbon and nitrogen.Five treatments were set up according to green manure rotation and chemical fertilizer applying rate: 100% chemical fertilizer alone(100%CF)； only returning root stubble of green manure(GM)； 100% chemical fertilizer plus green manure root stubble(100%CF+GM)； 90% chemical fertilizer plus green manure root stubble(90%CF+GM)； 80% chemical fertilizer plus green manure root stubble(80%CF+GM).Soil aggregates were separated by wet sieving，and the organic carbon and total nitrogen contents was determined by CN element.The results showed that:(1)0.25～2 mm aggregates were dominant in the soil although no significant differences were seen among treatments(P>0.05).Compared with 100%CF，0.05～0.25 and <0.05 mm aggregates were changed into >2 mm aggregates in the four treatments with green manure root stubble and aggregate stability was also increased，but there were no significant differences among the four treatments；(2)Organic carbon and total nitrogen content increased with the increase of aggregate size.The >0.25 mm aggregates contributed most to soil organic carbon and total nitrogen(the proportion of organic carbon and total nitrogen was 60.1%～82.9% and 66.6%～83.0% respectively)，which tread was enhanced by returning green manure root stubble.This indicated that，with the formation of macroaggregates from microaggregates，organic carbon and total nitrogen were simultaneously sequestrated within macroaggregates under the four treatments with returning green manure root stubble；(3)Correlation analysis showed that aggregate stability was extremly significantly related to >2 mm aggregate proportion and its organic carbon proportion，and the proportion of each aggregate fraction was extremly significantly positively related to its organic carbon proportion.To sum up，returning green manure root stubble was beneficial to soil structure stability and carbon and nitrogen accumulation and could reduce application rate of chemical fertilizer in a short period of time，which was the recommended way to utilize winter fallow field，improve soil fertility，and develop animal husbandry in the south of Henan province.