Aiming at the problems of extensive fertilization management，uneven soil nutrients，soil fertility decline and crop yield instability in Wushan county，Gansu province，this paper studied and evaluated the soil nutrients and soil fertility in order to provide a basis for scientific fertilization and soil nutrient diagnosis.62 topsoil samples (0～20 cm) in Wushan county were collected and measured，and the characteristics of soil nutrients were analyzed by frequency distribution.Considering the surplus and deficiency of soil nutrients，the improved Nemeiro comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the comprehensive soil fertility status.The results showed that the soil pH ranged from 7.81 to 8.67，and the average value was 8.35.The contents of organic matter ranged from 10.55 to 23.38 g·kg-1，with an average of 14.82 g·kg-1 which was in the deficient range.The total nitrogen content ranged from 0.67 to 1.69 g·kg-1，with an average value of 1.04 g·kg-1 which was in the medium range.The alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen ranged from 44.4 to 166.3 mg·kg-1，with an average value of 85.41 mg·kg-1 which was in the deficient range.Total phosphorus content ranged from 0.69 to 3.17 g·kg-1，with an average value of 1.01 g·kg-1 which was in the rich range.The available phosphorus content ranged from 13.1 to 248.2 mg·kg-1，with an average value of 45.07 mg·kg-1 which was in the rich range.The total potassium content ranged from 23.0 to 28.0 g·kg-1，with an average value of 25.04 g·kg-1 which was in the rich range.The available potassium content ranged from 111.0 to 510 mg·kg-1，and the average value was 248.77 mg·kg-1，which was in the rich range.The result of comprehensive fertility evaluation is that the comprehensive fertility index of macronutrients is 2.28，and the fertility evaluation status is at a general level.It can be seen that the comprehensive soil fertility in this area is above average，it is deficient in organic matter and nitrogen，and rich in phosphorus and potassium.It is suggested that the principle of fertilizer application should be adopted to increase the input of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and decrease phosphorus and potassium appropriately.