Investigation and explication on spatial distribution of soil nutrients in the spring rapeseed area of Qinghai province will be conducive to formulating adequate fertilization strategies，realizing high-yield and good-quality of spring rape，and promoting sustainable development of agriculture.223 soil samples of farmlands for spring rape were collected from nine spring rapeseed producing counties，including Huangzhong，Datong，Huzhu，Jianzha，Xunhua，Hualong，Ping’an，Ledu and Guide of southeastern Qinghai province.The primary soil nutrient contents were determined，nutrient abundance and deficiency were analyzed，and the soil fertility status and spatial distribution characteristics of spring rape fields were studied by Kriging interpolation method in ArcGIS.The results showed that average soil nutrient contents of the main spring rape production areas in Qinghai province were:organic matter 24.60 g/kg(moderate)，total N 1.77 g/kg(rich)，total P 0.99 g/kg(rich)，total K 29.64 g/kg(very rich)，available P 40.55 mg/kg(very rich)，available K 146.39 mg/kg(moderate)，available Fe 11.96 mg/kg(rich)，available Mn 6.32 mg/kg(moderate)，available Cu 0.69 mg/kg(moderate)，available Zn 1.42 mg/kg(moderate)，available B 0.34 mg/kg(deficient).The evaluation results show that the integrated soil fertility indices of spring rapeseed planting area in Qinghai province is 0.61，and the quality of soil fertility is good.The order of integrated soil fertility indices of each county is as follows:Datong(0.728，better)> Huangzhong(0.652，better)> Ping’an(0.616，better)> Huzhu(0.604，better)> Guide(0.595，medium)> Hualong(0.591，Medium)> Ledu(0.582，medium)> Xunhua(0.554，medium)> Jianzha(0.518，medium).According to the present situation of soil fertility in this region，the regulation scheme of increasing the organic fertilizer，reducing the amount of N and P fertilizer and paying attention to B，Zn and Mn micro-fertilizer in spring rape field in Qinghai was put forward.