It has been one of the major management methods to cover green manure between rows in young rubber plantation.Covering kudzu vines can effectively improve soil quality in rubber plantation，but it is still unknown in improving soil microbial diversity and structure.Effects of covering kudzu vines between rows on characteristics of bacterial community structure in the soil of rubber plantation were studied in young rubber trees in this experiment.The results showed that the content of organic matter and pH was significantly increased by 24.38% and 4.60% in 0 ～ 20 cm soil，while the structure of soil bacterial community was adjusted.A total of 1379 OTUs annotation included 23 phylum，55 classes，103 orders，184 families and 366 genera.Among them，among the 29 bacteria annotated at the genus classification level with aboudance not less than 0.5%，the richness of Achromobacter and Delftia with kudzu were 31.94 times and 7.22 times of that without kudzu，while the richness of Acinetobacter decreased by 13.30%.Correlation analysis showed that the increase of soil organic matter was the main cause of bacterial community change.The results showed that covering kudzu vine in the young rubber plantation for 2 years will help to improve the content of soil organic matter and nitrogen，adjust soil pH，improve the structure of soil bacterial community and enhance the transformation and utilization of rubber garden materials.