The total output of rice is the highest in grain crops in Anhui province. In order to achieve high yields of rice with zero growth of chemical fertilizers，what are the problems with rice fertilization and what technical measures should be put forward to solve are currently more urgent tasks. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the rice fertilization of 5176 rice farmers in Anhui province from 2016 to 2018. The survey included fertilizer varieties，nutrient content，application quantities，application period，application method，yield level，and so on. The nutrient inputs were calculated according to the nutrient contents and input amounts of fertilizer products. In this paper，the fertilization of rice in Anhui province was evaluated and the solutions to the existing problems were put forward. The results showed that the average nitrogen(N)，phosphorus(P2O5)and potassium(K2O)fertilizer application in Anhui province was 183.5，69.7 and 86.2 kg·hm-2 in three years，and the fertilizer application among different farmers was normally distributed. There were quite a proportion of farmers whose fertilizer use exceeded the reasonable range. The proportion of excessive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was 46.5% and 29.4%，respectively. The proportion of insufficient application of potassium fertilizer was high，reaching 49.1%. The differences among rice planting areas were obvious. The nitrogen and phosphorus application level of rice along the Huaibei area are the highest，which was 202.4 and 77.8 kg·hm-2，respectively. The highest amount of potassium application level was 108.4 kg·hm-2 in the polder area along the Yangtze River. The ratio of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium input in rice was 1∶0.38∶0.47 in the whole province，which had little change between years. The nutrient application in rice in Anhui province mainly came from urea and compound fertilizer. More than 80% of the rice samples in the whole province were fertilized with the methods of "one base，one top dressing" and "one base，two top dressing". The problem of excessive fertilization of rice in Anhui province is more prominent. More than 55% of the farmers are at the level of high yield and low efficiency or low yield and low efficiency. In production，attention should be paid to the action of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers，integrating mechanized fertilization technology based on nutrient supply (soil + fertilizer) and rice nutrient requirements according to regional characteristics，and developing special formula fertilizers that match soil characteristics and rice nutrient requirements and one-time suitable formula fertilizer products to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and reduce environmental pollution.