养分专家系统推荐施肥对章丘大葱产量及养分吸收利用的影响
作者:
作者单位:

(1.山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室/农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室/山东省植物营养与肥料重点实验室,山东 济南 250100;2.武城县农业农村局,山东 武城 253300;3.山东蓝昕环保测试分析有限公司,山东 济南 250100)

作者简介:

马征(1982-),女,山东济南人,助研,硕士,主要从事植物营养与施肥及土壤改良方面研究。E-mail:mazheng15@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200103,2017YFD080602);山东省重点研发计划(2017cxgc0311);山东省农业科学院科技创新工程(CXGC2016A05)。


Effect of nutrient expert recommendation fertilization on Zhangqiu green onion yield and nutrient utilization
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(1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Jinan Shandong 250100;2.Wucheng Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Wucheng Shandong 253300;3.Shandong Lanxin Environment Testing and Analysis Company Limited,Jinan Shandong 250100)

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    摘要:

    为评价养分专家系统(NE系统)在大葱上的推荐施肥效果,在章丘大葱主产区,选取多年大葱种植地进行田间试验,并分析了NE系统与农民习惯施肥(FP)处理、当地农技部门的测土配方推荐施肥(OPTs)处理下大葱产量、经济效益、养分吸收积累、肥料利用率和土壤硝态氮积累的变化。结果表明,NE系统推荐施肥较FP处理氮、磷、钾肥施用量分别降低了13.22%、27.33%和16.51%,较OPTs处理氮、磷肥用量增加而钾肥用量降低;大葱NE系统较FP和OPTs分别增产6.04%和12.30%,增收8.01%和14.74%;NE处理氮素积累量较FP和OPTs处理分别显著增加14.20%和37.78%,磷积累量分别增加21.22%和25.78%,但差异不显著,钾积累量分别显著增加16.78%和22.13%;NE处理氮肥农学效率平均为71.78 kg/kg,氮肥利用率平均为25.10%,氮肥偏生产力较FP提高22.22%;NE处理较FP、OPTs处理可分别显著降低0~90 cm土层硝态氮积累量39.44%和38.72%。大葱NE系统推荐施肥促进了大葱对养分的吸收和利用,具有明显的增产增收效应,肥料利用效率高于全国平均水平,降低了土壤硝态氮积累风险,可作为该地区大葱推荐施肥方法推广应用。

    Abstract:

    In order to reasonably evaluate the effect of fertilizer recommendation method of Nutrient Expert (NE)System on Zhangqiu green onion,field experiments were conducted in Zhangqiu to study the effects on yield,economic benefit,nutrient accumulation,fertilizer use efficiency and soil nitrate accumulation of fertilization recommended by NE,soil testing from the local agricultural technical department (OPTs) and farmers’ practices (FP). The results showed that NE recommendation reduced nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application rate by 13.22%,27.33% and 16.51%,respectively than FP treatment. Compared with the OPTs treatment,NE recommendation increased nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer input but reduced potassium input. Nutrient expert recommended fertilization for green onion increased the yield by 6.04% and 12.30%,and economic benefit by 8.01% and 14.74%,respectively,compared with the FP and OPTs treatments. Nitrogen and potassium accumulation of NE treatment significantly increased by 14.20%,37.78% and 16.78%,22.13%,respectively,compared with the FP and OPTs treatments. Meanwhile,phosphorus accumulation of NE treatment increased by 21.22% and 25.78%,which had no significant differences.The average agronomic efficiency of NE treatment was 71.78 kg/kg,and fertilizer use efficiency was 25.10%. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in NE treatment was 22.22% higher than FP treatment. Compared with FP and OPTs,NE nitrate nitrogen accumulation significantly reduced by 39.44% and 38.72% in 0~90 cm soil profile. Nutrient expert recommend fertilization for green onion could promote the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of green onion,improve yield,income as well as nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency,and decrease risk of soil nitrate accumulation. This nutrient expert recommend fertilization for green onion is worthy of popularization and application.

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马征,魏建林,刘东升,王连英,刘福忠,谭德水,崔荣宗.养分专家系统推荐施肥对章丘大葱产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2021,(4):172-177.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-16
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  • 录用日期:2020-06-18
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-09-15
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