生物菌肥对青钱柳根构型和根系形态的影响
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(南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学林学院,江苏 南京 210037)

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徐子恒(1995-),男,江苏淮安人,在读硕士研究生,主要研究方向为人工林定向培育。E-mail:1430181426@qq.com。

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基金项目:江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)重点项目“多功能树种青钱柳新品种选育及定向培育技术体系构建”(BE2019388);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。


Biofertilizer applications affected root architecture and root morphology of Cyclocarya paliurus
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(Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210037)

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    摘要:

    青钱柳是我国重要的药用植物之一,研究生物菌肥对其生长、根系构型和根系性状的影响,可为立地困难的青钱柳人工林的高效栽培提供依据。 试验用生物菌肥包括2种解鳞菌即巨大芽孢杆菌M(Bacillus megaterium)和荧光假单胞菌F(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、2种固氮菌即褐球固氮菌C(Azotobacter chroococcum)和巴西固氮螺菌B(Azospirillum brasilence),菌肥处理材料包括青钱柳大田苗和盆栽苗处理。其中,大田苗设3个处理:2种解磷菌和2种固氮菌分别等量混和(MF、CB)和对照处理(CK);盆栽苗(大田土添加有机质)设6个处理,分别为2个单菌(M、C)、3个混和菌(各菌种等量混和MF、CB和MFCB)和对照处理(CK)。利用3D激光扫描技术构建青钱柳的根系形态,比较分析根系分布范围和根系性状。研究发现,1)施用生物菌肥的处理显著提高了青钱柳苗高、地径的相对生长率和土壤养分。大田试验中,MF处理促进苗高和地径的生长效果最好,MF是CK处理的2.37和1.69倍;盆栽试验中,MF处理促进苗高生长效果最好,是CK处理的1.18倍,CB处理促进地径生长效果最好,是CK处理的1.16倍。大田试验中,CB的土壤无机氮含量是CK处理的1.49倍,MF的土壤有效磷含量是CK处理的1.71倍;盆栽试验中,CB的土壤无机氮含量是CK处理的1.72倍,MFCB的土壤有效磷含量是CK处理的2.13倍。2)生物菌肥可显著提高大田植株根系水平分布与生物量。CB和MF处理的根系水平分布分别是CK的2.00和1.79倍;细根生物量CB是CK处理的1.73倍。3)生物菌肥显著影响了盆栽植株根系性状:CB处理的根系3D扫描点云数(73.2×103)显著大于CK(49.7×103);M、C和CB处理的细根表面积、体积显著高于CK,其中CB处理最大,分别是CK的1.56和2.06倍;菌肥处理(除M、MF和MFCB)的根系生物量均显著大于CK(P<0.05),其中CB处理最大。综合分析表明,无论是大田还是盆栽苗,生物菌肥可改善苗高、地径的相对生长率、土壤养分和根系性状,且固氮菌混和处理(CB)的改善效果最好。由此可见,合理施用生物菌肥可通过改善青钱柳根系性状来促进植株生长。

    Abstract:

    Cyclocarya paliurus is one of the important medicinal plant in China. The effects of biofertilizer additions on growth,root architecture and root morphology of C. paliurus could support efficient cultivation of plantations on the poor sites. Four bacteria,including two phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium,M;Pseudomonas fluorescens,F) and two nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum,C;Azospirillum brasilence,B) were used in this study. Biofertilizers were applied on plants growing both in the field and in pots. Three treatments,containing half-and-half mixed M and F (MF),as well as mixed B and C (CB),and control (CK) were applied on plants in the field with yellow brown soil. Six treatments,including two single bacteria (M and C),three equal mixed bacteria (MF,CB and MFCB) and control(CK)were carried out in pots filled with improved field soil. And,root architecture were constructed by 3D laser scanner,and the distribution range of root and its morphology were compared. The results showed as follows;1) Biofertilizer treatments significantly promoted the relative growth rate of the seeding height,ground and soil nutrients. In the field treatments,the maximums of growth indexes all occurred in MF treatment had the best effect on promoted the growth of seeding height and ground diameter,and MF was 2.37 and 1.69 times of CK. Growth rate in seeding height treated with MF was 1.18 times of CK for potted plants and ground diameter treated with CB was1.16 times of CK. In the field experiment,the soil inorganic nitrogen of CB was 1.49 times of CK,the available phosphorus of MF was 1.71 times of CK. In pot experiment,the soil inorganic nitrogen of CB was 1.72 times of CK,the available phosphorus of MFCB was 2.13 times of CK. 2) For plants in the field,biofertilizer treatments significantly promoted root horizontal distribution and biomass. The root horizontal distributions treated with CB and MF were 2.00 and 1.79 times of CK,and the biomass of fine roots of CB was 1.73 times of CK. 3) For potted plants,biofertilizer applications significantly affected root morphology. Based on 3D scanning images,the number of point cloud treated with CB (73.2×103) was obviously more than that of CK (49.7×103). Moreover,surface area and volume of fine roots treated with M,C as well as CB were higher than that of CK,and the maximums of two indexes all occurred in CB treatment,which were 1.56 and 2.06 times of CK. Furthermore,the effects of all biofertilizer treatments (except M,MF and MFCB) on root biomass were significant,and the highest value occurred in CB. Comprehensively,applied biofertilizers exerted positive effects on relative growth rate in height,relative growth rate in root collar diameter,the soil nutrient,root architecture and root morphology of C. paliurus both in field and pots;Among them,treatment of mixed two nitrogen-fixing bacteria (CB) achieved the best effects. Thus,rational use of biofertilizers could promote plant growth by improving root architecture and root morphology of C. paliurus.

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徐子恒,王志康,陈紫云,洑香香.生物菌肥对青钱柳根构型和根系形态的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2021,(4):258-266.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-03
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  • 录用日期:2020-06-12
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-09-15
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