Field experiment was carried out on soil nutrient abundance-deficiency index for spring wheat in the Yellow River diversion irrigation area and well irrigation areas in central Gansu for consecutive years，to establish functional model between soil available nutrients and relative yield and the optimal application of N，P，K fertilizer for spring wheat，and to determine soil nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium nutrient abundance-deficiency indexes and recommended fertilization indexes.Results showed that under 6 fertility levels of the abundance-deficiency index of soil N，P and K nutrients corresponding to relative yield of <50%，50% ～ 60%，60% ～ 70%，70% ～ 80%，80% ～ 90%，>90% for spring wheat in local irrigation area，it could be divided into <0.35，0.35 ～ 0.5，0.5 ～ 0.8，0.8 ～ 1.3，1.3 ～ 2.0，>2.0 g/kg for total N； <5，5 ～ 10，10 ～ 15，15 ～ 25，25 ～ 45，>45 mg/kg for available-P； <65，65 ～ 90，90 ～ 130，130 ～ 185，185 ～ 265，>265 mg/kg for available K，respectively.Under normal annual precipitation and irrigation conditions，the corresponding N fertilizer recommendation rates were as >285，255 ～ 285，235 ～ 255，200 ～ 235，170 ～ 200，<170 kg/hm²，the corresponding P fertilizer recommendation rates were as >140，110 ～ 140，95 ～ 110，85 ～ 95，65 ～ 85，<65 kg/hm² P2O5，and the corresponding K fertilizer recommendation rates were as >70，65 ～ 70，45 ～ 65，35 ～ 45，25 ～ 35，<25 kg/hm² K2O.It indicated that soil N was still at low levels，P was at medium low levels，however，K decreased compared with the past in the local irrigation area，but was at a moderate level of affluence.In the production of spring wheat，nitrogen fertilizer should be increased reasonably，phosphate fertilizer should be applied appropriately，and potassium fertilizer should be appropriately applied.