不同间种模式对作物富集重金属的效率及风险评估
作者:
作者单位:

(1.广西大学农学院,广西 南宁 530000;2.广西大学新农村发展研究院,广西 南宁 530000;3.百色学院,广西 百色 533000)

作者简介:

石圣杰(1995-),男(土家族),山东高唐人,硕士,主要从事土壤重金属污染修复研究,E-mail:1173563080@qq.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划专项(2016YFD0800705-1)。


Efficiency and risk assessment of heavy metal uptake in crops by different intercropping patterns
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Affiliation:

(1.College of Agriculture Guangxi University,Nanning Guangxi 530000;2.Research Institute of New Rural Development,Guangxi University,Nanning Guangxi 530000;3.Baise University,Baise Guangxi 533000)

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    摘要:

    环江县是广西粮食主产区,该地区重金属污染严重,但国内对于重金属复合污染的修复技术缺乏。为了降低复合污染土壤上种植的农作物体内重金属的含量,越来越多的人开始研究不同种植模式对作物吸收重金属的影响,间种模式可以调节田间养分利用,减少植物对重金属的吸收,对土壤修复及产品改良有效。以矿区污染农田为背景,供试土壤为铅锌硫铁矿山的尾砂坝坍塌污染的土壤,进行了蜈蚣草- 玉米、蜈蚣草- 大豆、大豆- 玉米、甘蔗- 大豆的间种试验,试验采用随机区组设计,试验时间1 年,用原子吸收光谱法和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定重金属含量,通过对比分析单种与间种作物各部位中的Zn、As、Cd、Pb 的含量,探究间种模式对作物重金属的富集量和作物安全性的影响。结果表明,作物重金属含量变化受间种影响明显,玉米- 大豆间种模式比玉米单种籽粒中Pb 的含量下降38%。作物不同部位对重金属的富集能力也不同,As 在大豆体内的分布规律为叶> 茎> 根,而Pb 则为根> 叶> 茎。综上所述,在复合污染土壤中,间种可明显改善重金属对植物的污染,这些结果肯定了间作是重金属污染土壤修复的一个可能切入点。但在试验区种植粮食作物存在较大的健康风险,污染土壤还需进一步治理。

    Abstract:

    Huanjiang County is the main grain production area in Guangxi. Heavy metal pollution in this area is serious,but there is a lack of domestic remediation technology for heavy metal compound pollution. In order to reduce the content of heavy metals in crops planted in the compound contaminated soil, more and more people are beginning to study the effects of different planting models on the absorption of heavy metals in crops. Intercropping mode can regulate the use of nutrients in the field, reduce the plant’s absorption of heavy metals and it is effective for soil remediation and product improvement. Therefore, this study took the polluted farmland in the mining area as the background. The tested soil was the soil contaminated by the collapse of the tailings dam of the lead-zinc pyrite mine, and the intercropping mode included centipede grass-corn, centipede grass-soybean, soybean-corn, sugarcane-soybean. A randomized block design was adopted and the experiment period was 1 year. The contents of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. By comparing and analyzing the contents of Zn, As, Cd and Pb in each part of single and intercropping crops, the effects of intercropping modes on the accumulation of heavy metals in crops and crop safety were explored. The results showed that the change of crop heavy metal content was significantly affected by intercropping. The Pb content in corn-soybean intercropping mode was 38% lower than that of single corn. At the same time, the data showed that different parts of the crop had different enrichment capacities for heavy metals. The distribution of As in soybeans was leaf>stem>root,but the Pb was root>leaf>stem. In summary, in compound contaminated soil, intercropping can significantly decrease the pollution of heavy metals to plants. These results confirm that intercropping is a possible resolution for the remediation of heavy metal soils. However, planting food crops in the experimental area poses a greater health risk, and the contaminated soil needs further control.

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石圣杰,莫良玉,韦昌东,王辉,刘洋,韦兰洁,范稚莲.不同间种模式对作物富集重金属的效率及风险评估[J].中国土壤与肥料,2021,(5):223-231.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-06-24
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2020-08-08
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-11-18
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