攀枝花市芒果园产量及施肥管理问题诊断
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(1.中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室,生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室,中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川 成都 610041;2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;3.四川省攀枝花市农林科学研究院,四川 攀枝花 617061)

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505103)。作者简介:张瀚曰(1995-),女,四川雅安人,博士研究生,研究方向为恢复生态学。E-mail:zhanghy@cib.ac.cn。


The status and problem diagnosis of yield and fertilization management in mango orchards in Panzhihua city,China
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(1.Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610041;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;3.Panzhihua Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Panzhihua Sichuan 617061)

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    摘要:

    攀枝花市是中国重要的晚熟芒果产区,了解芒果园产量及施肥现状,诊断施肥管理存在的问题,对改善施肥管理模式、促进芒果产量品质提升有重要意义。通过调查攀枝花市不同发育阶段(挂果前期:2 ~ 5 年;挂果初期:6 ~ 10 年;挂果盛期:10 ~ 26 年)110 个芒果园产量及施肥管理现状,诊断芒果园施肥管理存在的问题。该市芒果园平均产量(15416.4±7876.3) kg/hm2,挂果盛期产量高于初期,不同农户间经营管理模式差异导致产量差距较大。多数挂果前期果园仅施用化肥。大部分挂果期(挂果初期、盛期)果园化肥、有机肥、中微量元素肥配合施用,年均施肥2 次,集中施用采后肥和壮果肥。挂果期芒果园N、P2O5、K2O 养分投入量均低于我国《芒果栽培技术规程》中的推荐量。当地芒果园普遍存在有机肥施用量不足、农家肥腐熟程度不一、盲目随意施用石灰等碱性肥料等施肥管理问题。建议针对上述问题,结合当地土壤条件和生产实际需求制定芒果园施肥管理规范,从而促进该区域芒果产量及芒果产业可持续发展。

    Abstract:

    Panzhihua city is an important late-ripening mango producing area in China. In order to improve the fertilization management to promote mango yield and quality, it is of great significance to understand the production and fertilization status of mango orchards and diagnose the problems of fertilization management. The yield, fertilization management of 110 mango orchards in different cultivated stages( before fruiting stage: 2 ~ 5 a; early fruiting stage: 6 ~ 10 a; prosperous fruiting stage: 11 ~ 26 a) in Panzhihua City were investigated and analyzed to diagnose fertilization problems. The average yield of mango orchards in the city was( 15416.4±7876.3) kg/hm2, and the yield in the prosperous fruiting stage was higher than that in the early fruiting stage. The difference in management patterns among farmers led to a large yield variance. Most of the mango orchards in the before fruiting stage( early fruiting stage,prosperous fruiting stage) use chemical fertilizer only. In most orchards during the fruiting stage, chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and medium-trace element fertilizers are used in combination. And in this stage, most mango growers fertilize twice a year, at the time after fruit harvesting and fruit bagging,respectively. The nutrient input of fertilizer N, P2O5 and K2O in the fruiting stage were lower than the recommended amount in Chinese Mango Production Technical Regulation. In addition, local mango orchards generally suffer from insufficient application of organic fertilizers, varying degrees of manure maturity,and random application of alkaline fertilizers such as lime. Finally, to achieve sustainable development of the mango production, it is recommended that the local relevant departments shoud develop the standards for fertilization management according to the mango production status and soil status.

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张瀚曰,胡斌,包维楷,杜邦.攀枝花市芒果园产量及施肥管理问题诊断[J].中国土壤与肥料,2021,(5):260-267.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-09
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  • 录用日期:2020-11-30
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-11-18
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