In order to explore the effects of soil structure and water use on maize yield，five tillage methods includingconventional rotary tillage(RT)，interval deep loosening(GS)，subsoiling(ST)，shallow plough(CT)and deep tillage(SF)，were set up in Yunshan farm of Heilongjiang province from 2018 to 2019，the offects of different farming methods on the soil water-stable aggregates，organic carbon content，yield and water use efficiency were analyzed and compared in Sanjiang Plain.The results showed that compared with RT，in the 0～20 cm soil layer，the subsoiling treatment significantly increased the content of water-stable aggregates larger than 0.25 mm(R0.25)，the content and contribution rate of soil organic carbon of aggregates larger than 0.25 mm(ISOC0.25) and the total organic carbon content，and increased the 0～30 cm soil average weight diameter of layer aggregate； deep tillage treatment increased the R0.25，ISOC0.25 and soil organic carbon content of the 20～30 cm soil layer.Compared with the rotary tillage treatment，the subsoiling treatment had the best effect.The yield and water use efficiency increased by 9.64%，12.11% and 8.44%，10.50% respectively in two years.In Summary，subsoiling treatment is beneficial to the improvement of soil structure，increasing soil organic carbon content and contribution rate，increasing yield and water use efficiency，and it is an ideal farming method in this area.